What leads to a rigid abdomen in peritonitis?
A.
Impaction of stool in the large intestine
B.
Fluid is pushing against the abdominal wall
C.
Increased gas causes abdominal distention
D.
Inflammation and abdominal muscle spasm
The correct answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is D. Inflammation and abdominal muscle spasm.
Explanation:
Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity. This condition can be caused by infections, such as bacterial or fungal infections, or by other irritants like chemical substances or trauma. The rigidity of the abdomen in peritonitis primarily arises due to the following factors:
- Inflammation: Inflammation of the peritoneum causes increased blood flow and accumulation of inflammatory cells and fluids in the abdominal cavity. This inflammatory process leads to swelling and irritation of the peritoneum. As the peritoneum becomes inflamed, it becomes more sensitive and reacts by tightening the abdominal muscles, resulting in a rigid abdomen.
- Abdominal Muscle Spasm: The irritation and inflammation of the peritoneum stimulate the abdominal muscles to contract involuntarily. This muscle spasm is a protective response, attempting to limit movement and reduce further irritation. This contraction of the abdominal muscles causes the abdomen to feel hard or rigid to the touch.
While fluid accumulation (answer B) or increased gas (answer C) can contribute to abdominal distention and discomfort, they are not the primary reasons for a rigid abdomen in peritonitis. Impaction of stool (answer A) can lead to abdominal distention and pain, but it is not directly responsible for the rigidity associated with peritonitis.
In summary, the rigidity of the abdomen in peritonitis is primarily due to the combination of inflammation and the resultant abdominal muscle spasm, which create a hard, board-like feel to the abdomen.