A school-age child is diagnosed with celiac disease. Which food item should the nurse advise the child to avoid
A.
Whole grains
B.
Dairy products
C.
Gluten-containing grains like wheat, barley, and rye
D.
Fruits and vegetables
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is C. Gluten-containing grains like wheat, barley, and rye.
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine when gluten—a protein found in certain grains—is ingested. When individuals with celiac disease consume gluten, their immune system mounts an inappropriate response, leading to inflammation and damage to the intestinal lining. This damage can result in malabsorption of nutrients, gastrointestinal symptoms (such as diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal pain), and a variety of long-term health complications, including nutrient deficiencies and increased risk for other autoimmune diseases.
In this context, it is crucial for the child to avoid foods that contain gluten. Gluten is predominantly found in grains such as wheat, barley, and rye. Foods made from these grains, including bread, pasta, cereals, and baked goods, should be strictly avoided.
In contrast, the other options are less relevant to a celiac disease diet. A. Whole grains could include gluten-free options like quinoa, brown rice, or millet, which can be part of a balanced diet for those with celiac disease. B. Dairy products may be consumed unless the individual also has lactose intolerance, which is common but separate from celiac disease. D. Fruits and vegetables are naturally gluten-free and are encouraged as part of a healthy diet.
For the management of celiac disease, the nurse should provide education on reading food labels carefully to identify hidden sources of gluten, which may be present in sauces, dressings, and processed foods. The child should be encouraged to adopt a gluten-free lifestyle, which can lead to significant improvements in health and quality of life. Additionally, support groups and nutrition counseling can be valuable resources for both the child and their family in navigating dietary changes and maintaining a healthy, balanced diet.