A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who takes furosemide. Which of the following results should the nurse identify as the priority finding?
A. Phosphorus 4.5 mEq/L.
B. Potassium 2.9 mEq/L.
C. Calcium 8.2 mg/dL.
D. Sodium 145 mEq/L.
The correct answer and Explanation is :
The priority finding in this scenario is B. Potassium 2.9 mEq/L.
Explanation:
Furosemide is a loop diuretic commonly used to treat conditions such as heart failure and edema by promoting the excretion of water and electrolytes. One of the significant side effects of furosemide is hypokalemia, or low potassium levels. Normal potassium levels range from approximately 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. A potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L is critically low and poses serious health risks, including life-threatening arrhythmias.
When potassium levels drop below 3.0 mEq/L, the risk for complications increases significantly. These can include muscle weakness, fatigue, and cardiac arrhythmias, which can lead to cardiac arrest if not addressed promptly. The heart relies on potassium for maintaining normal electrical activity, and a deficiency can disrupt this balance, leading to dangerous situations for the patient.
In contrast, the other lab results listed—phosphorus (4.5 mEq/L), calcium (8.2 mg/dL), and sodium (145 mEq/L)—are within normal ranges or only slightly outside of them. Phosphorus and calcium levels are typically not as immediately critical as potassium in the context of furosemide use. Sodium at 145 mEq/L is at the upper limit of normal but not concerning unless there are other clinical symptoms.
Given that potassium is vital for cardiovascular stability and that furosemide use can lead to its depletion, the nurse should prioritize the low potassium level for immediate intervention. This could involve potassium supplementation, monitoring of cardiac status, and possibly adjusting the furosemide dosage or considering alternative therapies to prevent further electrolyte imbalances. Prompt recognition and treatment of hypokalemia are essential for patient safety and positive outcomes.