A nurse is caring for a client who is taking tamoxifen to treat breast cancer. The nurse should identify which of the following manifestations as an adverse effect of this medication?
A.
Tinnitus.
B.
Hot flashes.
C.
Urinary frequency.
D.
Constipation.
The correct answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is B. Hot flashes.
Explanation:
Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) commonly prescribed for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. It works by blocking estrogen receptors in breast tissue, which helps to reduce the growth of cancer cells that rely on estrogen to grow and multiply. Tamoxifen is often used in both early-stage and advanced breast cancer and can also be prescribed as a preventive measure for individuals at high risk of developing breast cancer.
Adverse Effects of Tamoxifen:
- Hot Flashes (Correct Answer): Hot flashes are one of the most common side effects of tamoxifen. Since tamoxifen affects estrogen levels, it can induce menopause-like symptoms, such as hot flashes, night sweats, and mood swings. Estrogen plays a significant role in regulating body temperature, and its inhibition by tamoxifen can lead to sudden feelings of warmth, especially in the upper body.
- Tinnitus: Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) is not a recognized adverse effect of tamoxifen. It is more commonly associated with medications that affect the auditory system, such as certain antibiotics and diuretics.
- Urinary Frequency: Urinary frequency is not typically associated with tamoxifen therapy. This symptom is more commonly seen in conditions affecting the urinary tract or in association with diuretics and overactive bladder syndromes.
- Constipation: While tamoxifen can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea or vomiting, constipation is not a well-documented adverse effect. Other medications or underlying health conditions are more likely to contribute to constipation.
In summary, among the options provided, hot flashes are a well-known and frequently reported side effect of tamoxifen therapy due to its action on estrogen receptors. Nurses should educate patients on managing hot flashes and other potential side effects while on tamoxifen therapy.