The practical nurse (PN) is caring for a client who has a prescription for loratadine by mouth daily as needed. Which sign indicates to the PN that there is a need to administer the medication?
A.
Ulceration on the corner of the upper lip.
B.
Ecchymosis and petechiae on the legs
C.
Red welts widespread over the chest.
D.
Red papules and pustules on the face.
The Correct answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is C. Red welts widespread over the chest.
Explanation:
Loratadine is a second-generation antihistamine commonly used to relieve allergy symptoms such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, and hives. It is particularly effective in treating allergic reactions and conditions associated with histamine release.
In the context of the provided options, the sign that indicates a need for loratadine administration is the presence of red welts widespread over the chest (option C). These welts, also known as urticaria or hives, are a classic symptom of an allergic reaction. When allergens enter the body, they can trigger the immune system to release histamine, leading to swelling, redness, and itching in the skin. Administering loratadine helps to block the action of histamine, thereby reducing the severity of these symptoms.
The other options listed do not directly suggest a need for loratadine:
- A. Ulceration on the corner of the upper lip may indicate a localized infection or a non-allergic condition, such as angular cheilitis, which would not be treated with an antihistamine.
- B. Ecchymosis and petechiae on the legs suggest potential bleeding issues, possibly related to a clotting disorder or vascular issues, which would not respond to loratadine.
- D. Red papules and pustules on the face could represent acne, folliculitis, or another dermatological condition not necessarily related to an allergic reaction. These conditions would typically require other treatments, not an antihistamine.
In conclusion, the presence of red welts indicates an allergic reaction, making it appropriate to administer loratadine to alleviate these symptoms and improve the client’s comfort.