A nurse is contributing to the care plan of an older adult client who has pneumonia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?
A.
Encourage fluid intake of 2.5 L per day.
B.
Assist the client to cough and deep breathe every 4 hr.
C.
Encourage independence in completing ADLs.
D.
Use an N-95 respirator when providing client care.
The correct answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is A. Encourage fluid intake of 2.5 L per day.
Explanation:
Pneumonia, particularly in older adults, can lead to complications such as dehydration and thickened secretions, which can impair respiratory function. Encouraging adequate fluid intake—approximately 2.5 liters per day—helps to maintain hydration, thins mucus secretions, and promotes easier expectoration. Hydration is crucial in the management of pneumonia, as it supports overall health and recovery.
Option B (Assist the client to cough and deep breathe every 4 hr) is also a valuable intervention; however, it may not be frequent enough. In many cases, clients are encouraged to perform these actions every 1 to 2 hours to prevent atelectasis and improve lung expansion.
Option C (Encourage independence in completing ADLs) is important for promoting dignity and maintaining function; however, in the context of pneumonia, it’s essential to balance independence with safety. If the client is fatigued or has shortness of breath, they may need assistance.
Option D (Use an N-95 respirator when providing client care) is generally recommended for healthcare providers caring for patients with airborne infectious diseases like tuberculosis. While pneumonia can be infectious, standard precautions typically involve the use of a surgical mask unless the client has a confirmed diagnosis of a contagious respiratory illness that requires airborne precautions.
In summary, while multiple interventions may be appropriate, encouraging fluid intake is a fundamental strategy in the management of pneumonia, especially for older adults, as it addresses hydration needs and facilitates recovery. The importance of hydration cannot be overstated in preventing complications and promoting overall health during the recovery process.