What type of relationship exists between two organisms if one of them benefits but the other is neither helped nor harmed from the relationship?
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The type of relationship you’re describing is known as commensalism. In commensalism, one organism (the commensal) benefits from the interaction, while the other organism (the host) is neither positively nor negatively affected. This relationship can be observed in various ecological contexts and is a fascinating aspect of biological interactions.
Explanation
Commensalism is a form of symbiosis, which generally refers to the interactions between two different species. In this particular case, the commensal derives some benefit from the host without causing any significant impact on it. The benefits for the commensal can include resources such as food, shelter, or transportation.
One classic example of commensalism is the relationship between barnacles and whales. Barnacles attach themselves to the skin of whales, where they gain access to nutrient-rich waters as the whale swims. The barnacles benefit from this increased water flow, which helps them filter-feed. Meanwhile, the whale remains unaffected by the presence of the barnacles; its skin is not harmed, nor does it derive any benefit from their presence.
Another example is epiphytic plants, like orchids, that grow on larger trees. The orchids benefit from being elevated above the forest floor, allowing them better access to sunlight and moisture, while the host tree remains unaffected, as the epiphyte does not draw nutrients or water from it.
In ecosystems, commensal relationships can contribute to biodiversity and the overall health of an environment. They demonstrate the complexity of ecological interactions and the diverse strategies organisms have developed to survive and thrive. Understanding commensalism also highlights the importance of maintaining healthy ecosystems, as the balance between different species can influence their survival and adaptability in changing environments.