The atomic symbol of phosphorus ion is given as is31/15p³-How many protons, electrons and neutrons are there in the ion?
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The atomic symbol of the phosphorus ion given as ({}^31_{15}P^{3-}) indicates the following:
- The subscript “15” (the atomic number) represents the number of protons in the phosphorus atom.
- The superscript “31” (the mass number) is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
- The notation “3-” indicates that this is a negatively charged ion (an anion) with three more electrons than protons.
Calculating Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons
- Protons:
- The atomic number is 15, so there are 15 protons in the phosphorus ion.
- Electrons:
- In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons. However, since this phosphorus ion has a charge of (3-), it has gained three additional electrons.
- Therefore, the number of electrons in the ion is:
[
\text{Electrons} = \text{Protons} + 3 = 15 + 3 = 18 \text{ electrons}
]
- Neutrons:
- The mass number (31) is the total number of protons and neutrons. To find the number of neutrons, we can use the formula:
[
\text{Neutrons} = \text{Mass number} – \text{Protons} = 31 – 15 = 16 \text{ neutrons}
]
Summary
- Protons: 15
- Electrons: 18
- Neutrons: 16
Explanation
In chemistry, the behavior and properties of elements are significantly influenced by the subatomic particles they contain. Protons are positively charged particles located in the nucleus, while electrons are negatively charged and orbit around the nucleus. Neutrons, which are neutral, also reside in the nucleus and contribute to the atomic mass.
In this case, phosphorus as an element has a standard atomic structure comprising 15 protons and typically 15 neutrons, which is the most common isotope. The additional electrons in the ion signify its reactivity and tendency to form bonds with other elements, particularly in biological systems. Phosphorus is crucial for life, forming part of DNA and ATP, the energy currency of cells. Understanding the subatomic structure of ions like ({}^31_{15}P^{3-}) helps in grasping their chemical behavior and applications in various fields, including biochemistry and materials science.