The elements in group_
A. are the most reactive metals.
B. are the most reactive nonmetals.
C. are react very violently with water.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is B. are the most reactive nonmetals.
Explanation:
The periodic table is organized into groups (or families) and periods. Group 17 of the periodic table is known as the halogens, which includes elements such as fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). These elements are classified as nonmetals and are known for their high reactivity.
Halogens have seven valence electrons, which means they are one electron short of achieving a stable octet configuration. This makes them highly reactive as they tend to gain one electron to complete their outer shell. The reactivity of halogens increases as you move up the group. For instance, fluorine is the most reactive element of all, often reacting explosively with many substances, including organic materials and metals.
In contrast, the most reactive metals are found in Group 1 of the periodic table, known as the alkali metals, which include lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). These metals are highly reactive, particularly with water, producing hydrogen gas and forming hydroxides. However, while alkali metals are very reactive, halogens are considered the most reactive nonmetals.
When halogens react with metals, they tend to form ionic compounds, while their reactions with other nonmetals can result in covalent compounds. For example, when chlorine gas reacts with sodium metal, it forms sodium chloride (table salt). The violent reactions of halogens with metals and their ability to form acids when combined with hydrogen further demonstrate their reactivity.
In summary, group 17 elements, the halogens, are characterized by their status as the most reactive nonmetals, making answer B the correct choice.