What is the difference between charging by conduction and charging by induction?
A- During induction, charges move between objects that briefly touch; during conduction, charges move between objects that are rubbed together.
B- During conduction, charges move between objects that briefly touch; during induction, charges move between objects that are rubbed together.
C- During induction, charges move between touching objects; during conduction, charges are redistributed within an object that is near another object.
D- During conduction, charges move between touching objects; during induction, charges are redistributed within an object that is near another object.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is:
D- During conduction, charges move between touching objects; during induction, charges are redistributed within an object that is near another object.
Explanation:
Charging by conduction and charging by induction are two different methods of transferring electric charges, and they differ primarily in whether direct contact between objects is necessary and in how the charge distribution occurs.
- Charging by Conduction:
Charging by conduction requires direct physical contact between two objects. In this process, a charged object is brought into contact with a neutral object. For example, if a positively charged object touches a neutral object, electrons from the neutral object will move toward the positively charged object, creating a balance in charge. Consequently, the previously neutral object now gains a similar type of charge (positive in this case), as it loses electrons. Likewise, if a negatively charged object touches a neutral object, electrons will transfer to the neutral object, charging it negatively. This movement of electrons happens because of the difference in electrical potential, which drives electrons to flow from the higher concentration of charges to the lower concentration. Once the objects are separated, they each retain the charge. - Charging by Induction:
Charging by induction, on the other hand, does not require direct contact. Instead, it involves bringing a charged object near, but not touching, a neutral conductor. This creates a redistribution of charges within the neutral conductor. For example, if a positively charged object is brought close to a neutral conductor, it attracts the negative charges (electrons) in the conductor to the side nearest to the charged object, while the positive charges are repelled to the opposite side. This results in the separation of positive and negative charges within the conductor, creating an induced charge distribution. If the conductor is then grounded (connected to the Earth), electrons can flow from the ground to neutralize one side, leaving the conductor with a net charge opposite to that of the inducing object.
In summary, charging by conduction transfers actual electrons between two touching objects, causing both to share the same type of charge, while charging by induction rearranges the charges within a nearby object, creating a temporary or permanent charge without direct contact.