What are the two most popular methods for measuring results? (Select all that apply)
a) total quality management
b) 360-degree feedback
c) measurement of productivity
d) management by objectives
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answers are:
b) 360-degree feedback
d) management by objectives
Explanation:
When assessing performance, organizations rely on various methods to measure results effectively. Among the most popular methods are 360-degree feedback and management by objectives (MBO). Let’s break down why these are the best choices.
- 360-degree feedback:
This method is a comprehensive approach to performance measurement that involves collecting feedback from multiple sources around the individual being evaluated. This typically includes feedback from supervisors, peers, subordinates, and sometimes even customers. It provides a well-rounded view of an employee’s performance and helps to identify strengths and areas for improvement. Because feedback comes from various perspectives, it reduces bias and gives employees a more holistic understanding of their impact on the organization. It is widely used for employee development, performance reviews, and leadership assessments, making it one of the most popular methods for measuring results in modern organizations. - Management by objectives (MBO):
MBO is a goal-setting and performance evaluation method where both managers and employees agree upon specific objectives for a set period, typically a year or quarter. The employee’s performance is then measured based on how well these objectives are met. MBO helps ensure that everyone in the organization is aligned with its strategic goals, and it provides a clear framework for both performance expectations and evaluation. This method is highly popular because it focuses on measurable outcomes and encourages employee participation in goal-setting, leading to increased motivation and clarity around individual contributions to organizational success.
Why the others are less applicable:
- a) Total quality management (TQM) is a broader organizational approach aimed at improving quality at every level of an organization. While it involves measuring results, its focus is on continuous improvement and not on individual performance measurement per se.
- c) Measurement of productivity: While productivity measurement is crucial for assessing efficiency, it focuses more on output levels rather than evaluating the broader aspects of individual or team performance, like behavior or skills, making it less comprehensive than the other two options.
In summary, 360-degree feedback and management by objectives are the most popular methods because they provide detailed, multi-dimensional insights into performance, aligning individual goals with broader organizational objectives.