Which instrument measures the mix and concentration of the air astronauts breathe inside an aircraft
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The instrument used to measure the mix and concentration of the air astronauts breathe inside an aircraft is called a gas analyzer. Specifically, a multi-gas analyzer or cabin air quality monitor is used to measure the concentrations of various gases, including oxygen (O₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen (N₂), and trace gases, in the spacecraft’s cabin air.
Explanation:
In spacecraft, ensuring that astronauts have access to a breathable and safe atmosphere is a critical aspect of life support systems. The air within the spacecraft must be carefully controlled to maintain the proper concentrations of gases necessary for human survival. The two most important gases in the air are oxygen, which astronauts need to breathe, and carbon dioxide, which must be removed to avoid toxic build-up.
The gas analyzer used in spacecraft is designed to continuously monitor the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide, along with other gases that could pose a risk, such as methane or ammonia. These instruments typically work by utilizing sensors that detect the presence and concentration of specific gases in the air.
For example, oxygen levels must be maintained between 19.5% and 23.5% of the total atmosphere, while carbon dioxide levels must be kept below 5,000 parts per million (ppm) to ensure astronaut safety. If carbon dioxide levels rise too high, it can cause headaches, dizziness, or even unconsciousness. If oxygen levels fall too low, astronauts can experience hypoxia (oxygen deprivation).
In addition to measuring oxygen and carbon dioxide, more sophisticated multi-gas analyzers can also measure trace gases such as water vapor, nitrogen, and other contaminants that could affect air quality. These analyzers often use infrared sensors, electrochemical cells, or gas chromatography to provide real-time readings.
Overall, gas analyzers are essential for maintaining the safety and health of astronauts during their missions, ensuring that they are breathing air that is chemically balanced and free from harmful contaminants.