Select the correct IUPAC name for the cycloalkane:
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
To provide the correct IUPAC name for a cycloalkane, it’s necessary to have the structure of the compound. However, I can guide you through the general principles of naming cycloalkanes using IUPAC nomenclature.
Steps for naming cycloalkanes:
- Identify the parent structure: The base name for a cycloalkane comes from the number of carbon atoms in the ring. For example:
- If there are 6 carbon atoms in the ring, the base name is cyclohexane.
- If there are 5 carbon atoms, the base name is cyclopentane.
- Substituents and their positions: If there are any groups attached to the ring, these are named as substituents. The position of each substituent on the ring must be indicated by a number, starting with the lowest possible number sequence for the substituents. Numbers are assigned based on the ring’s carbon atoms, with the numbering continuing in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, depending on the lowest set of numbers.
- Multiple substituents: If there are more than one type of substituent, they are listed alphabetically in the name, regardless of their position numbers.
- Use of prefixes: Prefixes like “di-“, “tri-“, etc., are used when there are multiple identical substituents. The prefix is placed before the name of the substituent, and its position number(s) are placed after it.
- Special cases: In some cases, if there are double bonds or functional groups attached to the ring, this can modify the base name (e.g., cyclohexene for a six-membered ring with one double bond).
For example:
- Cyclohexane (C6H12) is a six-membered ring with single bonds between all carbon atoms.
- 1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane means there are two methyl groups attached to the first and third carbon atoms of a cyclohexane ring.
Once the structure is provided, a more specific IUPAC name can be given.