A victim with a foreign-body airway obstruction becomes unresponsive. What is your first course of action?
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
When a victim with a foreign-body airway obstruction becomes unresponsive, the immediate course of action is to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) starting with chest compressions. This approach is recommended by the American Heart Association and other health organizations.
Explanation:
A foreign-body airway obstruction occurs when an object blocks the airway, preventing normal breathing. If the obstruction is severe and the individual becomes unresponsive, they will not be able to breathe or cough effectively. In such situations, the priority is to restore oxygenation and circulation.
Steps to Follow:
- Assess Responsiveness: Tap the person and shout to check for responsiveness. If there’s no response, proceed to the next step.
- Call for Help: If you’re alone, call emergency services immediately. If others are present, instruct someone to call for help while you begin CPR.
- Begin CPR:
- Chest Compressions: Place the heel of one hand on the center of the person’s chest, interlock your fingers, and keep your arms straight. Press down hard and fast, compressing the chest at least 2 inches deep at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
- Rescue Breaths: After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths if trained to do so. Ensure the airway is open and the chest rises with each breath.
- Continue CPR: Alternate 30 chest compressions with 2 rescue breaths until emergency medical personnel arrive or the person shows signs of movement.
Why Start with Chest Compressions?
Starting CPR with chest compressions is crucial because it maintains blood flow to vital organs, especially the brain and heart, during cardiac arrest. Chest compressions help circulate oxygenated blood, buying time until the airway obstruction is cleared and normal breathing is restored.
Additional Considerations:
- Avoid Blind Finger Sweeps: Do not perform blind finger sweeps in the mouth of an unresponsive person, as this may push the object further into the airway.
- Use of Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs): If an AED is available, use it as soon as possible. Follow the device’s prompts to deliver a shock if advised.
By promptly initiating CPR with chest compressions, you provide critical support to the victim’s circulatory system, increasing the chances of survival until professional medical help arrives.