The client is newly diagnosed with juvenile onset diabetes. Which of the following nursing diagnoses is a priority? ? A. Anxiety ? B. Pain ? C. Knowledge deficit ? D. Altered thought process 140. The nurse understands that the diagnosis of oral cancer is confirmed with: ? A. Biopsy ? B. Gram Stain ? C. Scrape cytology ? D. Oral washings for cytology
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Nursing Diagnosis for Juvenile Onset Diabetes
For a client newly diagnosed with juvenile onset diabetes, the priority nursing diagnosis would be C. Knowledge deficit.
Explanation:
- Juvenile onset diabetes, also known as Type 1 diabetes, is a condition where the pancreas does not produce insulin, leading to difficulties in regulating blood sugar levels. A new diagnosis can be overwhelming, particularly for children and their families. One of the most critical aspects of managing this condition is understanding how to monitor blood sugar, administer insulin, recognize signs of high or low blood sugar, and manage lifestyle changes.
- Knowledge deficit is the most appropriate priority because it directly addresses the need for education. The client and their family will require in-depth teaching about diabetes management, including diet, exercise, insulin administration, and recognizing the signs of complications. A lack of understanding can result in poor management of the condition, leading to further health complications.
- While anxiety (A), pain (B), and altered thought process (D) might be concerns at some point, they are secondary to ensuring the client and family have a proper understanding of the condition and how to manage it. Anxiety often stems from a lack of understanding, so addressing the knowledge deficit can help reduce anxiety.
Diagnosis of Oral Cancer
The diagnosis of oral cancer is confirmed with A. Biopsy.
Explanation:
- Biopsy is the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis of oral cancer. During a biopsy, a small sample of tissue from the suspicious area in the mouth is removed and examined under a microscope to check for cancerous cells.
- Gram stain (B) is typically used to identify bacterial infections, not cancer.
- Scrape cytology (C) involves collecting cells from the surface of a lesion, often used in diagnosing conditions like cervical cancer but not typically used for confirming oral cancer.
- Oral washings for cytology (D) may be used to gather cells from the mouth, but this method is less definitive than a biopsy and typically used as an adjunct or screening tool rather than a primary diagnostic procedure.
Thus, a biopsy is the most definitive and reliable method for diagnosing oral cancer.