Pick one of the following scenarios, and choose a suitable combination of input and output devices to best support the intended interaction. It may help to identify typical users or classes of user, and identify how the devices chosen support these people in their tasks. Explain the major problems that the input and output devices solve. (a) Environmental database A computer database is under development that will hold environmental information. This ranges from meteorological measurements through fish catches to descriptions of pollution, and will include topographical details and sketches and photographs. The data has to be accessed only by experts, but they want to be able to describe and retrieve any piece of data within a few seconds. (b) Word processor for blind people A word processor for blind users is needed, which can also be operated by sighted people. It has to support the standard set of word-processing tasks.
The correct answer and explanation is:
Scenario (a): Environmental Database
Input Devices:
- Keyboard:
A standard keyboard is essential for experts to input structured data (e.g., measurements, fish catch details, pollution descriptions). It provides quick and accurate data entry for users familiar with the system. - Mouse or Trackpad:
This allows intuitive navigation through the database’s graphical interface, particularly for selecting and interacting with topographical maps and images. - Touchscreen (Optional):
If the database is implemented on a device like a tablet or an interactive kiosk, touchscreens enable direct manipulation of maps and sketches. - Voice Recognition System:
Experts can quickly describe environmental conditions verbally, reducing typing time for lengthy or complex descriptions.
Output Devices:
- High-Resolution Monitor:
Displays large datasets, topographical maps, photographs, and sketches in detail, enabling users to analyze visual information effectively. - Printers:
For printing hard copies of reports, charts, or maps that may need to be shared during meetings or fieldwork. - Speakers (Optional):
Provides audio feedback for alerts or voice summaries of data for hands-free scenarios.
Problem Solved:
- Quick Data Retrieval: Experts need to locate specific information swiftly. A combination of intuitive input (keyboard/mouse) and high-quality visuals ensures this.
- Comprehensive Data Representation: High-resolution monitors and printed materials allow clear visualization of diverse data types like maps and images.
- Ease of Use: Familiar devices like keyboards and mice lower the learning curve for experts.
Scenario (b): Word Processor for Blind People
Input Devices:
- Braille Keyboard:
Enables blind users to type efficiently without needing visual feedback. - Standard Keyboard:
Supports sighted users and allows for standard word-processing tasks. - Speech-to-Text Software:
Converts spoken words into text, offering a hands-free input method for all users.
Output Devices:
- Braille Display:
Displays text in Braille for blind users to read and edit their work. - Screen Reader:
Reads out the text, menus, and formatting to assist blind users in navigating the interface. - Monitor:
Provides visual feedback for sighted users.
Problems Solved:
- Accessibility: Braille displays and screen readers ensure blind users can fully utilize the word processor.
- Inclusivity: By supporting both Braille and visual outputs, the system accommodates diverse user needs.
- Efficiency: Speech-to-text and screen readers reduce the effort needed for both input and navigation.