Characteristics of hydrogenated oils include all of the following EXCEPT: a. ?adipocytes store them.
b. ?they lower HDL & raise LDL cholesterol
c. ?some of their fatty acids change from cis to trans shape
d. ?products containing them spoil sooner; have a shorter shelf life.
e. ?ALL of these are true
Which of the following characteristics is shared by olive oil and canola oil?
a. ?Neither is liquid at room temperature
b. ?Both contain significant levels of monounsaturated fatty
c. ?Both contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids
d. ?Neither contains saturated fatty acids
How much energy is contributed by one gram of lecithin in a dietary supplement?
a. 0 ?Calories
b. 4 ?Calories
c. 7 ?Calories
d. 9 ?Calories
e. 12 ?Calories
What is the major source of “good” HDL-form cholesterol?
a. ?Fatty fish
b. ?Fatty meat
c. ?Endogenous synthesis
d. ?Monounsaturated & polyunsaturated fatty acids
e. ?Essential oils
All of the following compounds may be synthesized from cholesterol except:
a. ?bile.
b. ?glucose.
c. ?vitamin D.
d. ?sex hormones.
E. ?hydrocortisone
Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?
a. ?Chylomicron
b. ?Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
c. ?High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
d.Very-low-density lipoprotein
Which of these is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid?
a. ?Palmitic acid
b. ?Stearic acid
c. ?Oleic acid
d. ?lauryl acid
e. ?linoleic acid
According to the DRI’s Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat, what is the upper limit of fat (in grams) ?that may be consumed by a healthy person requiring a 3000 ?Calories per day diet?
a. 33
b. 45
c. 72
d. 83
e. 117
A high risk of heart attack correlates with high blood levels of
a. ?free fatty acids.
b. ?high-density lipoproteins.
c. ?low-density lipoproteins.
d. ?very low-density lipoproteins.
Cholesterol is:
a. ?primarily metabolized for energy.
b. ?good for nothing.
c. ?not made in humans.
d. ?toxic to human cells.
e. ?found only in animal foods.
HDL cholesterol is: a. ?an essential fatty acid
b. ?made in the large intestine
c. ?a risk factor for CVD
d. ?a lipoprotein complex that carries cholesterol away from tissues
e. ?made in the large intestine
Intestinal enterocytes package triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids into
Or transport in the blood.
a. ?chylomicrons
b. ?bile salts
c. ?emulsifiers
d. ?sterols
e. ?vacuoles
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Here are the answers and explanations for each question:
- Characteristics of hydrogenated oils include all of the following EXCEPT:
- Answer: d. products containing them spoil sooner; have a shorter shelf life.
- Explanation: Hydrogenated oils, due to their chemical structure (trans fatty acids), tend to have a longer shelf life, not a shorter one. These oils are processed to become more stable and resistant to oxidation. The other options describe true characteristics of hydrogenated oils: adipocytes (fat cells) store them, they raise LDL (bad cholesterol) and lower HDL (good cholesterol), and some fatty acids in these oils change from a cis to a trans configuration.
- Which of the following characteristics is shared by olive oil and canola oil?
- Answer: b. Both contain significant levels of monounsaturated fatty acids.
- Explanation: Both olive oil and canola oil are rich in monounsaturated fats, which are known for their beneficial effects on heart health. They are both liquid at room temperature, but they do contain some polyunsaturated fatty acids (not high levels) and do contain small amounts of saturated fats.
- How much energy is contributed by one gram of lecithin in a dietary supplement?
- Answer: b. 4 Calories.
- Explanation: Lecithin, a type of phospholipid, provides 4 calories per gram, similar to other fats and carbohydrates. Despite being a fat, its caloric value is the same as that of other macronutrients.
- What is the major source of “good” HDL-form cholesterol?
- Answer: d. Monounsaturated & polyunsaturated fatty acids.
- Explanation: HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol is often referred to as the “good” cholesterol because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream. It is promoted by consuming healthy fats, such as those from monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids found in foods like olive oil, nuts, and fatty fish.
- All of the following compounds may be synthesized from cholesterol except:
- Answer: b. glucose.
- Explanation: Cholesterol can be used to synthesize bile acids, vitamin D, and sex hormones, but not glucose. Glucose is synthesized through a different process (gluconeogenesis).
- Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?
- Answer: b. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL).
- Explanation: LDL contains the highest proportion of cholesterol among the lipoproteins. It is often referred to as “bad” cholesterol because elevated levels are linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Which of these is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid?
- Answer: e. linoleic acid.
- Explanation: Linoleic acid is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid, meaning the body cannot synthesize it, and it must be obtained through the diet. It is found in various vegetable oils.
- According to the DRI’s Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat, what is the upper limit of fat (in grams) that may be consumed by a healthy person requiring a 3000 Calories per day diet?
- Answer: d. 83 grams.
- Explanation: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat suggests that fat should constitute 20-35% of daily calories. For a 3000 calorie diet, the upper limit of fat would be around 83 grams.
- A high risk of heart attack correlates with high blood levels of:
- Answer: c. low-density lipoproteins (LDL).
- Explanation: High levels of LDL (bad cholesterol) are associated with an increased risk of heart disease because LDL cholesterol can accumulate in the walls of arteries, forming plaques that restrict blood flow.
- Cholesterol is:
- Answer: e. found only in animal foods.
- Explanation: Cholesterol is a type of fat found in animal products such as meat, dairy, and eggs. Plants do not produce cholesterol.
- HDL cholesterol is:
- Answer: d. a lipoprotein complex that carries cholesterol away from tissues.
- Explanation: HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is known as the “good” cholesterol because it helps transport cholesterol from the arteries to the liver for excretion or recycling, reducing the risk of heart disease.
- Intestinal enterocytes package triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids into:
- Answer: a. chylomicrons.
- Explanation: After the absorption of dietary fats in the intestine, enterocytes (intestinal cells) package triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids into chylomicrons. These are lipoprotein particles that transport dietary fats through the lymphatic system and into the bloodstream.