Cell Organelles Practice Worksheet Complete the following table by writing the name of the cell part or organelle in the right hand column that matches the structure/function in the left hand column. A cell part may be used more than once. Structure/Function Cell Part Stores material within the cell Closely stacked, flattened sacs (plants only) The sites of protein synthesis Transports materials within the cell The region inside the cell except for the nucleus Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria Small bumps located on portions of the endoplasmic reticulum Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes and waste products Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria and some protests Produces a usable form of energy for the cell Packages proteins for transport out of the cell Everything inside the cell including the nucleus
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Here’s the completed table:
| Structure/Function | Cell Part |
|---|---|
| Stores material within the cell | Vacuole |
| Closely stacked, flattened sacs (plants only) | Chloroplast |
| The sites of protein synthesis | Ribosomes |
| Transports materials within the cell | Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
| The region inside the cell except for the nucleus | Cytoplasm |
| Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell | Nucleus |
| Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color | Chloroplast |
| Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles, and invading viruses or bacteria | Lysosome |
| Small bumps located on portions of the endoplasmic reticulum | Ribosomes |
| Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes, and waste products | Vacuole |
| Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists | Cell Wall |
| Produces a usable form of energy for the cell | Mitochondria |
| Packages proteins for transport out of the cell | Golgi Apparatus |
| Everything inside the cell including the nucleus | Cytoplasm |
| Site where ribosomes are made | Nucleolus |
| The membrane surrounding the cell | Plasma Membrane |
| Provides support for the cell, has two “subparts” | Cytoskeleton |
| Name for the collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells | Chromatin |
| Consist of hollow tubes which provide support for the cell | Cytoskeleton |
| Small hair-like structures used for movement or sensing things | Cilia |
| Composed of a phospholipid bilayer | Plasma Membrane |
| Longer whip-like structures used for movement | Flagella |
Organelles and their occurrence in plant and animal cells:
| Organelle | Plant Cells | Animal Cells |
|---|---|---|
| Cell Wall | ✔ | |
| Mitochondria | ✔ | ✔ |
| Vesicle | ✔ | ✔ |
| Nucleolus | ✔ | ✔ |
| Nucleus | ✔ | ✔ |
| Chloroplast | ✔ | |
| Chromatin | ✔ | ✔ |
| Plasma Membrane | ✔ | ✔ |
| Cytoplasm | ✔ | ✔ |
| Central Vacuole | ✔ | |
| Cytoskeleton | ✔ | ✔ |
| Ribosome | ✔ | ✔ |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | ✔ | ✔ |
| Vacoule | ✔ | ✔ |
| Golgi Apparatus | ✔ | ✔ |
| Lysosome | ✔ |
Explanation:
Cell Organelles are specialized structures inside a cell that perform distinct functions. The nucleus is the control center of eukaryotic cells, housing genetic material (DNA) and managing cellular processes. The ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis, found either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a network involved in transport and modification of proteins.
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging proteins for export. Mitochondria, known as the powerhouse of the cell, produce ATP for energy, while chloroplasts in plant cells trap sunlight for photosynthesis. Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down cellular waste.
The cytoskeleton gives structure to the cell and helps with movement of organelles. Vacuoles store water, nutrients, and waste, especially in plants. Cell walls provide rigidity to plant cells, and the plasma membrane regulates material entry and exit.
In the cytoplasm, chromatin consists of DNA, which, when condensed, forms chromosomes. Flagella and cilia are involved in cell movement, with flagella being longer than cilia. The nucleolus inside the nucleus is responsible for producing ribosomes.
In both plant and animal cells, organelles like the nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, and cytoplasm are found, though plant cells also contain structures like chloroplasts and a central vacuole, which are absent in animal cells. Conversely, lysosomes are more common in animal cells.