Create a concept map to describe the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration occurring within a cell. Use the following bulleted list of words in your concept map. You may add more words. All the words must be connected to at least one other word in your map. Connect the words with lines and arrows and include linking words on your lines. You can link words more than once. By creating more than one link to a word you are creating cross-connections, which show a greater understanding of the concept. Refer to sample the concept map of cell membranes on page 30. energy electron transport system photosynthesis glucose cellular respiration light dependent reactions light energy carbon-fixation reactions chemical energy chlorophyll ATP chloroplasts ADP thylakoid membranes NAD+ photosystems NADP cxidation phosphorylation anaerobic respiration glycolysis aerobic respiration
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Here is a concept map to describe the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration:
Photosynthesis
- Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll in the photosystems within the chloroplasts.
- Light energy powers the light-dependent reactions, which occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts.
- These reactions produce ATP and NADPH, which are used in the carbon-fixation reactions (also known as the light-independent reactions or Calvin cycle).
- In the Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide is fixed into glucose.
- The glucose produced can be used as chemical energy by the plant.
Cellular Respiration
- Glucose is broken down during glycolysis into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH.
- If oxygen is available, the pyruvate enters the mitochondria for aerobic respiration.
- Aerobic respiration consists of the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle) and the electron transport chain.
- During this process, NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport system to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
- Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor, combining with electrons and protons to form water.
- In the absence of oxygen, anaerobic respiration occurs, producing lactic acid or ethanol and a small amount of ATP.
Cross-connections:
- ATP is produced during both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
- Glucose is the product of photosynthesis and the substrate for cellular respiration.
- NAD+ is regenerated in cellular respiration and is involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis as NADP.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interconnected processes that occur within cells. Photosynthesis captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy in the form of glucose, which is stored for later use. Cellular respiration, on the other hand, breaks down glucose to produce ATP, which powers cellular activities. Both processes involve key molecules like ATP, NADP+/NADPH, and NAD+/NADH, which shuttle electrons and energy between reactions. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts, while cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm (glycolysis) and mitochondria (aerobic respiration). The energy flow between the two processes ensures that cells can produce and use energy efficiently.