- An epidural hematoma is most accurately defined as: a. a. Bleeding between the skull and the dura mater O b. b. Bleeding between the dura mater and brain c. c. Venous laceration that occurs within the brain O d. d. An injury caused by damage to a cerebral capillary
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is a. Bleeding between the skull and the dura mater.
Explanation:
An epidural hematoma (EDH) refers to the accumulation of blood between the inner surface of the skull and the dura mater, which is the thick, outermost layer of the meninges (the protective coverings of the brain). This condition typically occurs as a result of trauma to the head, such as a blow to the skull, which causes a rupture in one of the blood vessels in the epidural space, leading to bleeding.
The key characteristics of an epidural hematoma are:
- Location of bleeding: The bleeding takes place between the skull and the dura mater, which is above the brain. This contrasts with other types of hematomas, such as subdural hematomas (which occur between the dura mater and the brain) or intracerebral hematomas (which occur within the brain tissue itself).
- Cause: EDHs are usually caused by trauma, specifically due to a skull fracture that lacerates the middle meningeal artery, a vessel located in the epidural space. This arterial rupture results in a rapid buildup of blood.
- Symptoms: The onset of symptoms is often rapid, and patients may initially appear lucid (a phenomenon known as “lucid interval”), but as the hematoma expands, pressure on the brain increases, which can lead to a decline in consciousness and, if untreated, brain herniation and death.
- Diagnosis: Diagnosis is typically made through imaging, such as a CT scan or MRI, which will show a convex-shaped collection of blood, usually on the side of the injury.
- Treatment: Immediate intervention is required to reduce the pressure and prevent further brain damage. Surgical evacuation of the hematoma is often necessary to relieve intracranial pressure.
In summary, an epidural hematoma is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition resulting from bleeding between the skull and the dura mater, typically following traumatic injury. Prompt medical attention is crucial for effective treatment.