Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following

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Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following: a. CH3CHO b. CH3OCH3 Draw a skeletal structure for each of the compounds in Problem 6. c. CH3COOH 7. 8. Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following: a. (CH3)3COH b. CH3CH(OH)CH CN c. (CH3)2CHCH(CH3)CH-C(CH3)3 Draw a skeletal structure for each of the compounds in Problem 8 9.

The Correct Answer and Explanation is :

Answers:

  1. Lewis Structures:
    • a. CH₃CHO (Acetaldehyde): H H \ / C = O / H
    • b. CH₃OCH₃ (Dimethyl ether): H H \ / H - C - O - C - H / \ H H
  2. Skeletal Structures:
    • c. CH₃COOH (Acetic acid): O || CH3-C-OH
  3. Lewis Structures:
    • a. (CH₃)₃COH (tert-Butanol): H | H - C - C - O - H | | H H
    • b. CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CN (2-Hydroxy-3-cyanopropane): H | H-C-OH | H-C-C≡N | H
    • c. (CH₃)₂CHCH(CH₃)CH-C(CH₃)₃: (This is a long, branched molecule, 3,3,4-trimethylheptane.) CH3 CH3 | | CH3-C-CH-CH2-CH-C-CH3 | CH3

Explanations (300 words):

Lewis Structures depict molecules showing all atoms, bonds, and lone pairs explicitly. Each covalent bond is represented by a line (single bond) or multiple lines (double or triple bonds), and lone pairs are shown as dots. They are essential for understanding the electronic configuration and predict chemical reactivity.

Skeletal Structures are shorthand notations for organic compounds. Here, carbon atoms are represented by vertex points and hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are implied, simplifying complex structures.

  1. CH₃CHO is acetaldehyde, containing a carbonyl group (-C=O) bonded to a methyl group (CH₃) and a hydrogen atom. The Lewis structure emphasizes the double bond in the carbonyl group, indicating a polar bond due to oxygen’s electronegativity.
  2. CH₃OCH₃, or dimethyl ether, contains two methyl groups linked by an oxygen atom. The lone pairs on oxygen affect its geometry, creating a bent shape around the oxygen.
  3. CH₃COOH, acetic acid, contains a carboxylic acid functional group (-COOH). The skeletal structure simplifies the depiction of bonds while showing the functional group explicitly.
  4. (CH₃)₃COH is tert-butanol, a tertiary alcohol where the hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to a carbon bonded to three methyl groups.
  5. CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CN includes a hydroxyl (-OH) and a nitrile (-C≡N) group. The structure highlights the priority of functional groups for naming.
  6. (CH₃)₂CHCH(CH₃)CH-C(CH₃)₃ showcases branching typical in alkanes. Understanding skeletal formulas helps visualize steric hindrance affecting reactions.

These notations are fundamental for interpreting organic molecules and predicting chemical behaviors.

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