Which statement best summarizes Zelinsky’s model of migration in relation to the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)? (A) High unemployment in countries in Stages 4 and 5 pushes migrants to Stage 2 and 3 countries in search of economic opportunity. (B) Overcrowding in countries in Stages 2 and 3 pushes migrants to Stage 4 and 5 countries in search of economic opportunity. (C) Overcrowding in countries in Stages 4 and 5 pushes migrants to Stage 2 and 3 countries in search of economic opportunity. (D) A gender imbalance in countries in Stages 4 and 5 pushes migrants to Stage 2 and 3 countries to find mates and start families. (E) Overcrowding in countries in Stages 4 and 5 pushes migrants to Stage 2 countries in a counter migration as large as the original migration. he 20 Y POPUL dry for fa t of Earth lack suff feed a la ple survi amels, th contain otably, r ed TED WE ry high uator, m he comb om the s
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is: (B) Overcrowding in countries in Stages 2 and 3 pushes migrants to Stage 4 and 5 countries in search of economic opportunity.
Explanation:
Zelinsky’s model of migration, also known as the Migration Transition Model, links migration patterns to a country’s stage in the Demographic Transition Model (DTM). It suggests that migration patterns change alongside the demographic and economic development of a society. Below is a summary of the relationship between the DTM and migration based on Zelinsky’s model:
- Stage 1 (Pre-Industrial Society): Characterized by high birth and death rates, there is minimal migration due to a subsistence economy and limited population mobility. Any movement is largely local or seasonal.
- Stage 2 (Early Industrial Society): As death rates drop due to improvements in health and sanitation, rapid population growth leads to overcrowding and limited economic opportunities in rural areas. This drives out-migration to urban areas within the country or to more developed countries in Stages 4 and 5, where economic opportunities and better living conditions are available.
- Stage 3 (Late Industrial Society): Birth rates begin to decline, and urbanization continues. International migration often persists, but rural-to-urban migration within the country becomes dominant.
- Stages 4 and 5 (Post-Industrial Society): Countries experience low birth and death rates with stable or declining populations. These countries tend to attract migrants from Stage 2 and 3 countries due to economic opportunities, aging populations, and labor shortages.
Thus, in Stages 2 and 3, rapid population growth leads to overcrowding and unemployment, pushing migrants to Stages 4 and 5, where economic opportunities exist. The answer reflects this dynamic migration pattern.