PURE SUBSTANCE MIXTURE BASIC UNIT (for Pure substances only SAMPLE OF MATTER Element DESCRIPTION

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PURE SUBSTANCE MIXTURE BASIC UNIT (for Pure substances only SAMPLE OF MATTER Element DESCRIPTION (color, physical state: transparent translucent/opaque; shiny dull malleable/ductile, shape and size of particles for solids; odor for organic series only) Compound Home-Hetero- Metal Nonmetal lonic Covalent molecule, Series 1. IRON iron (powder, wire) iron(II)oxide iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate iron(III) nitrate solution Series 2. COPPER Cu(s) Cu:0(3) CuO (3) CuSO 5H.0(3) CusO () Chemistry 60 lab Page 1 PURE SUBSTANCE MIXTURE BASIC UNIT for Pare substances only) Element SAMPLE OF MATTER DESCRIPTION (color: physical state; transparent translucent opaque; shiny dull malleable/ductile, shape and size of particles for solids, odor for organic series only) Compound Home- Hetero- Metal Nonmetal Tonic Covalent Covalent molecule, e formats Series 3. MERCURY mercury (liquid) mercury(II) chloride mercury(II) iodide Series 4. SULFUR S(3) FeS() FeSO4 7H2O(s) SO(g) Chemistry 60 lab Page 2 PURE SUBSTANCE MIXTURE BASIC UNIT (for Pare substances caly) SAMPLE OF MATTER Element DESCRIPTION (color, physical state transparent translucent opaque, shiny dull malleable ductile, shape and size of particles for solids, odor for organic series only) Compound Home- Hetero- Metal Nonmetal Ionic Covalent molecular Series 5. SILICON AND CARBON Si C (graphite) SIC SIO SiC14 Series 6. IODINE 1: KI KI (aq) 1, in CHO 1, in CCL Page 3 Chemistry 60 lab PURE SUBSTANCE MIXTURE BASIC UNIT SAMPLE OF MATTER Element Compound DESCRIPTION (color, physical state transparent/translucent/opaque; shiny dull malleable/ductile, shape and size of particles for solids odor for organic series only) substances only) Homo- Hetero- Metal Nonmetal Ionic Covalent for unit Series 7. GASES Chlorine bromine (vapor over liquid) nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Ammonia Hydrogen Helium Chemistry 60 lab Page 4 PURE SUBSTANCE MIXTURE SAMPLE OF MATTER Element Compound DESCRIPTION (color, physical state, transparent translucent opaque; shiny doll malleable ductile, shape and size of particles for solidsodor for organic series only) BASIC UNIT (for Pure bances only) Home- Hetero- Metal Nonmetal Ionic Covalent Covalent molecular Series 8. ORGANIC CHEMICALS C.H.) Hexane HC3H5OH (aq) CH:02 ethyl acetate CH.0(1) Acetone CH 0(1) cthyl alcohol (ethanol) CHO(8) 1-naphthol CH.0(1) Benzaldehyde C,H,O,() methyl benzoate CH 0(1 trans-cinnamaldehyde Chemistry 60 lab Page 5 PURE SUBSTANCE MIXTURE BASIC UNIT fore subs SAMPLE OF MATTER Element DESCRIPTION (color, physical state: transparent translucentopaque; shiny doll malleable ductile, shape and sire of particles for solids, odor for organic series only) Compound Home Hetero- Metal Nonmetal Ionic Covalent or forma un Series 9. MIXTURES copper + zinc + other Sand + CuSO,SH.0 copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate White wine H2O(l) + BaSO4(8) Oil + Water Vinegar 5% acetic acid, 95% water Chemistry 60 lab Page 6 Series 1. Iron Fe Iron (powder or wire) Fe,O, Iron(III) oxide Fe(NO3), 94,0 Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate Series 1. Iron (continued) Fe(NO3)2 (aq) Iron(III) nitrate solution Series 2. Copper Cu Copper (powder, sheet or wire) Cu o copper(l) oxide Cuo copper(II)oxide Series 2. Copper (continued) CuSO5H,0 copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate CuSO.(aq) copper(II) sulfate solution Series 3. Mercury Hg Mercury (liquid) HgCl, mercury(II) chloride Hgl, mercury(II) iodide Series 4. Sulfur So, sulfur dioxide S Sulfur (powder) FeS iron(II) sulfide tape Series 4. Sulfur (continued) FeSO, 7H,0 iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate Series 5. Silicon and Carbon Si Silicon (crystal) C carbon (graphite) SIC silicon carbide (carborundum) Series 4. Silicon and Carbon (continued) SiO, silicon dioxide SiCl, silicon tetrachloride Series 6. lodine 12 lodine (crystals) Kl potassium iodide Kl(aq) potassium iodide solution Series 6. Iodine (continued) 12 iodine in carbon tetrachloride 12 iodine in ethyl alcohol Series 7. Gases Cl, chlorine Brabromine (vapor over liquid) NO, nitrogen dioxide Series 7. Gases (continued) N, nitrogen NH, ammonia Hy hydrogen Series 7. Gases (continued) He helium Series 8. Organic Chemicals (you do not need to comment on the smells) CH1 Hexane HC,H,O, Acetic acid C,H,O, Ethyl acetate Series 8. Organic Chemicals (continued) C3H O Acetone C10H,0 1-naphthol C.H.0 Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) Series 8. Organic Chemicals (continued) C,H,O Trans-cinnamaldehyde C,H,O Benzaldehyde C,H,O, Methyl Benzoate Series 9. Mixtures Brass Sand + CuSO, 54,0 White wine Series 9. Mixtures (continued) Oil and water Vinegar Water and BaSO4

The Correct Answer and Explanation is :

The table provides data about various substances, classified into series based on their elemental or compound nature, physical and chemical characteristics, and whether they are pure substances or mixtures. Here’s a summary and explanation:

Correct Answers for Each Series:

  1. Iron Series:
  • Pure Substances: Iron (Fe), Iron(II) oxide (FeO), Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O).
  • Mixtures: Iron(III) nitrate solution (Fe(NO₃)₃(aq)).
  • Metal: Iron.
  • Ionic Compound: Iron oxides and nitrates.
  1. Copper Series:
  • Pure Substances: Copper (Cu), Copper(I) oxide (Cu₂O), Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O).
  • Mixtures: Copper(II) sulfate solution (CuSO₄(aq)).
  • Metal: Copper.
  • Ionic Compound: Copper oxides and sulfates.
  1. Mercury Series:
  • Pure Substances: Mercury (Hg), Mercury(II) chloride (HgCl₂), Mercury(II) iodide (HgI₂).
  • Metal: Mercury.
  • Ionic Compound: HgCl₂ and HgI₂.
  1. Sulfur Series:
  • Pure Substances: Sulfur (S), Sulfur dioxide (SO₂), Iron(II) sulfide (FeS), Iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO₄·7H₂O).
  • Mixtures: None.
  • Nonmetal: Sulfur.
  • Ionic Compound: FeSO₄.
  1. Silicon and Carbon Series:
  • Pure Substances: Silicon (Si), Graphite (C), Silicon carbide (SiC), Silicon dioxide (SiO₂).
  • Nonmetal/Metalloid: Carbon, Silicon.
  • Covalent Compound: SiC, SiO₂.
  1. Iodine Series:
  • Pure Substances: Iodine (I₂), Potassium iodide (KI).
  • Mixtures: KI(aq), I₂ in alcohol, I₂ in carbon tetrachloride.
  • Nonmetal: Iodine.
  • Ionic Compound: KI.
  1. Gases:
  • Pure Substances: Chlorine (Cl₂), Bromine (vapor, Br₂), Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), Nitrogen (N₂), Ammonia (NH₃), Hydrogen (H₂), Helium (He).
  • Nonmetal: All listed gases.
  • Covalent Molecular: Cl₂, Br₂, NO₂, NH₃.
  1. Organic Chemicals:
  • Pure Substances: Hexane (C₆H₁₄), Acetic acid (CH₃COOH), Ethyl acetate (C₄H₈O₂), Acetone (C₃H₆O), 1-naphthol (C₁₀H₈O), Ethyl alcohol (C₂H₅OH), Benzaldehyde (C₇H₆O), Methyl benzoate (C₈H₈O₂), Trans-cinnamaldehyde (C₉H₈O).
  • Nonmetal (Covalent Molecules): All.
  1. Mixtures:
  • Heterogeneous: Sand + CuSO₄·5H₂O, Oil and water.
  • Homogeneous: Brass, White wine, Vinegar, Water + BaSO₄.

Explanation (300 Words):

This classification relies on fundamental chemistry concepts: pure substances, mixtures, elements, and compounds. Pure substances are uniform in composition; elements like iron, copper, and sulfur consist of only one type of atom, while compounds like iron oxides and copper sulfates involve chemical bonds between different elements. Mixtures, either homogeneous (e.g., solutions like vinegar) or heterogeneous (e.g., oil and water), combine substances physically, without chemical bonding.

The physical and chemical properties help identify substances. Metals like iron and copper are shiny, malleable, and conductive, while nonmetals like sulfur and iodine lack these traits. Ionic compounds, such as FeSO₄ and KI, form lattice structures held by ionic bonds, whereas covalent compounds, such as SiO₂ and acetone, share electrons.

Organic chemicals, primarily carbon-based, exhibit unique odors and are mostly molecular covalent compounds. Gases like Cl₂ and NH₃ are either diatomic or simple covalent molecules.

This analysis underscores the diversity of matter, aiding in identifying and categorizing substances for scientific, industrial, and educational purposes.

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