Which of the following is true of working memory?
Select one:
a. ?Working memory allows individuals to hold information permanently as they perform cognitive tasks.
b. ?Working memory functions as a passive storehouse with shelves to store information until it moves to long-term memory.
c. ?Working memory has a limited capacity, similar to the Random Access Memory of a computer.
d. ?Working memory’s storage capacity is virtually unlimited.
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer:
c. Working memory has a limited capacity, similar to the Random Access Memory of a computer.
Explanation:
Working memory is a key cognitive system that temporarily holds and manipulates information needed for complex cognitive tasks like learning, reasoning, and problem-solving. It operates as a short-term storage and processing system with limited capacity, which makes it analogous to the Random Access Memory (RAM) of a computer.
- Limited Capacity:
Research indicates that working memory can hold about 7 ± 2 chunks of information at a time (Miller, 1956). Modern studies suggest this number may be closer to 4 chunks, depending on the complexity of the information. This limitation highlights that working memory can become easily overloaded, especially when handling multiple tasks or complex information simultaneously. - Temporary Storage:
Unlike long-term memory, which can retain information indefinitely, working memory holds data for a short duration, typically seconds to minutes. Without active rehearsal or encoding, information in working memory is likely to decay or be replaced by new inputs. - Active Processing:
Working memory is not a passive storehouse but an active processing system. It integrates new information with existing knowledge from long-term memory, allowing individuals to solve problems, make decisions, and engage in abstract reasoning. - Comparison to RAM:
Similar to how a computer’s RAM temporarily stores data and instructions for immediate use, working memory temporarily holds information needed for ongoing tasks. However, it is “cleared” when the task is complete or the focus shifts. - Central to Cognitive Functioning:
Working memory plays a crucial role in daily life, underpinning abilities like following instructions, mental arithmetic, and language comprehension. Its limited capacity underscores the need for strategies like chunking and rehearsal to manage and optimize cognitive tasks effectively.