Unlike implicit racism, explicit racism
Select one:
a. ?is measured using the Implicit Associations Test (IAT).
b. ?is a person’s conscious and openly shared attitude.
c. ?is thought to predict more spontaneous and less self-conscious actions.
d. ?refers to attitudes that exist on a deep, hidden level.
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: b. is a person’s conscious and openly shared attitude.
Explanation:
Explicit racism refers to openly expressed attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors that indicate racial prejudice or discrimination. These attitudes are consciously held and intentionally communicated, often reflecting an individual’s belief system or values. Unlike implicit racism, which operates below conscious awareness, explicit racism is overt and deliberate.
For instance, explicit racism might manifest in openly stated prejudices, racial slurs, or discriminatory policies and practices that are justified by an individual or group. Examples include discriminatory hiring practices, public expressions of racial superiority, or actions like segregation. These behaviors are often rooted in personal beliefs or cultural norms that explicitly condone racism.
Psychologists distinguish explicit racism from implicit racism because the former is easier to measure and observe. Tools like surveys, interviews, or self-report questionnaires are commonly used to assess explicit racist attitudes, as individuals consciously provide their opinions and beliefs. On the other hand, implicit racism requires indirect methods of measurement, such as the Implicit Associations Test (IAT), to uncover hidden biases that people might not even be aware they hold.
One of the critical differences between explicit and implicit racism lies in their impact on behavior. Explicit racism tends to guide deliberate and controlled actions, such as public statements or overtly discriminatory decisions. In contrast, implicit racism often influences spontaneous or unconscious behaviors, like nonverbal communication or split-second decisions.
Explicit racism is also subject to social norms and pressures. In societies where overt racism is publicly condemned, individuals with explicit racist beliefs may attempt to hide or mask them to avoid social sanctions. This makes it important to analyze explicit racism within its cultural and social context.
Addressing explicit racism involves education, policy changes, and fostering environments where equality and inclusivity are promoted. It requires collective societal effort to challenge and change openly prejudiced attitudes.