A means-end chain is used in planning to show __.
Multiple choice question.
how product will be delivered to the end consumer
the level of competition within an industry
how goals are connected across an organization
the measurable result of a decision
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: How goals are connected across an organization
Explanation:
A means-end chain is a planning framework used to demonstrate how different levels of goals and actions are interconnected within an organization. It is based on the concept that means (actions, resources, or lower-level goals) are taken to achieve ends (higher-level objectives or overarching organizational goals). This model helps link strategic goals to operational tasks, ensuring alignment and coherence throughout an organization.
In a means-end chain, goals at different levels of the organization are structured hierarchically. At the highest level are the broad, long-term objectives (strategic goals), such as increasing market share or achieving sustainable growth. These are supported by mid-level goals (tactical goals), which provide specific, measurable objectives that departments or teams can aim for. At the lowest level are operational goals, which involve day-to-day tasks and activities required to implement higher-level objectives.
For instance, if an organization’s strategic goal is to “expand into new international markets,” this might translate into a tactical goal for the marketing team to “launch a localized marketing campaign in three target regions.” At the operational level, this could involve tasks like “developing content in local languages” or “partnering with regional influencers.”
The means-end chain ensures alignment, providing a clear line of sight from the smallest task to the organization’s ultimate purpose. It helps organizations:
- Prioritize efforts: Resources and attention can be focused on activities that directly support higher-level goals.
- Facilitate communication: Everyone within the organization understands how their work contributes to broader objectives.
- Enable accountability: By showing how tasks and goals interconnect, it becomes easier to track progress and identify bottlenecks.
This clarity ensures that all departments and individuals work cohesively towards shared objectives, increasing efficiency and organizational success.