111) Which of the following is FALSE regarding the Stanford Prison Experiment?
A) The prisoners began acting subservient.
B) It was lead by Stanley Milgram and aimed to study obedience.
C) The guards wore uniforms and carried small clubs in an effort to feel the part.
D) The study had to be terminated in just under a week.
E) Each prisoner was stripped naked and searched.
112) Which of the following briefly describes the classic research on social roles led by Philip Zimbardo in the 1970s?
A) having the teacher administer shocks of increasing strength to a learner upon every incorrect response
B) asking for $40 when you really only need $10
C) having some college students act as guards and having some act as prisoners in a make-believe prison
D) having subjects select which line of three most closely resembles the standard line
E) asking for 10 minutes of a volunteer’s time when you know you really want an hour
113) Which of the following is true regarding the Palinscar and Brown (1984) study on adolescents with learning disabilities?
A) The adolescents performed at a lower level of reading and understanding, as evidenced by a decrease in learning, when they played the role of the teacher.
B) The adolescents performed at a higher level of reading and understanding, as evidenced by an increase in learning, when they played the role of the student.
C) The adolescents’ performances on tasks of reading and understanding remained unaffected whether they played the role of teacher or student.
D) The adolescents performed at a higher level of reading and understanding, as evidenced by an increase in learning, when they played the role of the teacher.
E) The study demonstrated that regardless of roles the adolescents were given, their abilities showed drastic improvement.
114) Relatively stable evaluations of a person, object, situation, or issue, along a continuum ranging from positive to negative define _.
A) attitudes
B) social norms
C) coaction effects
D) persuasion
E) compliance tendencies
115) Which of the following is a cognitive component of an attitude regarding smoking?
A) I choose not to smoke.
B) I believe smoking should not be allowed in any restaurants.
C) Smoking has been shown to make some people feel relaxed while making others feel more anxious.
D) I only smoke when I am out at the bar with my friends.
E) About 20% of Americans smoke on a regular basis.
116) Which of the following is a behavioral component of an attitude regarding psychology?
A) I think psychology is a fascinating subject matter.
B) I strongly believe that studying psychology makes me feel that I have a better understanding of how people act.
C) I read my psychology textbook and do assignments as necessary.
D) Learning more about psychology makes me feel less afraid of people with psychological disorders.
E) I think psychologists can do much to help individuals through difficult times.
117) Which of the following is an emotional component of an attitude regarding welfare?
A) I think people should try living with very little money before making judgments toward those living on welfare.
B) I have written my local legislators with ideas for helping someone to eventually get off welfare.
C) I keep myself updated on the statistics regarding welfare in my area.
D) I feel frustrated that individuals on welfare are often unfairly judged by others.
E) Individuals on welfare should meet with a job services coordinator to have their skills assessed in any effort to better match them with available employment.
118) __ refers to the relatively stable view we hold of people, objects, or issues learned by direct experience or vicariously via others and/or the media.
A) Obedience
B) Compliance
C) The diffusion of responsibility
D) Conformity
E) Attitude
119) The unpleasant state that can occur when people become aware of inconsistencies between their attitudes or between their attitudes and their behavior defines _.
A) compliance
B) discrimination
C) cognitive dissonance
D) prejudice
E) disobedience
120) When she is not at the bar, Jayla preaches to everyone about the dangers of smoking. However, she does smoke an occasional cigarette when she is at the bar with her friends although at those times, she feels somewhat frustrated by her own smoking behavior. Jayla is likely experiencing __ when she smokes.
A) groupthink
B) cognitive dissonance
C) social facilitation
D) compliance
E) the diffusion of responsibility
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Here are the correct answers along with explanations:
111) Which of the following is FALSE regarding the Stanford Prison Experiment?
Answer: B) It was led by Stanley Milgram and aimed to study obedience.
Explanation:
The Stanford Prison Experiment was conducted by Philip Zimbardo in 1971, not Stanley Milgram. The study focused on the power of social roles and situational influences rather than obedience. Milgram, on the other hand, conducted the Milgram obedience experiment, which examined how people obey authority figures even when it involves harming others. The Stanford experiment had to be terminated early because participants became too immersed in their roles—guards became abusive, and prisoners became submissive and distressed.
112) Which of the following briefly describes the classic research on social roles led by Philip Zimbardo in the 1970s?
Answer: C) Having some college students act as guards and having some act as prisoners in a make-believe prison.
Explanation:
Zimbardo’s study simulated a prison environment where participants were assigned to be either guards or prisoners. The guards quickly adopted authoritarian behaviors, while prisoners displayed submission and distress. The study demonstrated how powerful social roles and situational pressures could be in shaping behavior.
113) Which of the following is true regarding the Palinscar and Brown (1984) study on adolescents with learning disabilities?
Answer: D) The adolescents performed at a higher level of reading and understanding, as evidenced by an increase in learning, when they played the role of the teacher.
Explanation:
The study on Reciprocal Teaching found that students with learning disabilities showed improved comprehension and engagement when they took on the role of teacher, reinforcing the idea that teaching others enhances one’s own learning.
114) Relatively stable evaluations of a person, object, situation, or issue, along a continuum ranging from positive to negative define _.
Answer: A) Attitudes
Explanation:
Attitudes are long-term evaluations that influence thoughts, behaviors, and emotions toward people, objects, or situations.
115) Which of the following is a cognitive component of an attitude regarding smoking?
Answer: C) Smoking has been shown to make some people feel relaxed while making others feel more anxious.
Explanation:
The cognitive component of an attitude involves beliefs or knowledge about a topic. The statement reflects knowledge about smoking rather than feelings or behaviors.
116) Which of the following is a behavioral component of an attitude regarding psychology?
Answer: C) I read my psychology textbook and do assignments as necessary.
Explanation:
The behavioral component of attitude involves actions related to the attitude. Reading and completing assignments show behavioral engagement with psychology.
117) Which of the following is an emotional component of an attitude regarding welfare?
Answer: D) I feel frustrated that individuals on welfare are often unfairly judged by others.
Explanation:
The emotional (affective) component of attitude involves feelings about an issue. Feeling frustrated about the judgment of welfare recipients reflects an emotional reaction.
118) __ refers to the relatively stable view we hold of people, objects, or issues learned by direct experience or vicariously via others and/or the media.
Answer: E) Attitude
Explanation:
An attitude is a lasting evaluation shaped by personal experience, media, or social influences.
119) The unpleasant state that can occur when people become aware of inconsistencies between their attitudes or between their attitudes and their behavior defines _.
Answer: C) Cognitive dissonance
Explanation:
Cognitive dissonance is the mental discomfort caused by contradictions between beliefs and behaviors, often leading to attitude changes to reduce discomfort.
120) When she is not at the bar, Jayla preaches to everyone about the dangers of smoking. However, she does smoke an occasional cigarette when she is at the bar with her friends although at those times, she feels somewhat frustrated by her own smoking behavior. Jayla is likely experiencing __ when she smokes.
Answer: B) Cognitive dissonance
Explanation:
Jayla experiences cognitive dissonance because her behavior (smoking at the bar) contradicts her attitude (preaching against smoking). This conflict leads to discomfort, which she may attempt to resolve by justifying her behavior (e.g., “It’s just occasional”).