Label The Parts Of An Atom. ATOMIC STRUCTURE Complete The Table Below
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
An atom is the fundamental unit of matter, consisting of a central nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons occupy regions around the nucleus known as electron shells or orbitals.
Parts of an Atom:
- Protons (p⁺): Positively charged particles located in the nucleus. The number of protons defines the atomic number of an element, determining its identity. For example, all carbon atoms have six protons.
- Neutrons (n⁰): Neutral particles also found in the nucleus. Neutrons contribute to the atomic mass but do not affect the chemical properties of the atom. Isotopes of an element differ in the number of neutrons they contain.
- Electrons (e⁻): Negatively charged particles that occupy electron shells around the nucleus. Electrons are involved in chemical bonding and reactions. The arrangement of electrons in an atom determines its chemical behavior.
Atomic Structure Table:
| Subatomic Particle | Symbol | Charge | Location | Mass (kg) | Mass (u) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proton | p⁺ | +1 | Nucleus | 1.6726 × 10⁻²⁷ | 1.0073 |
| Neutron | n⁰ | 0 | Nucleus | 1.6750 × 10⁻²⁷ | 1.0087 |
| Electron | e⁻ | -1 | Electron Shells | 9.1094 × 10⁻³¹ | 0.00055 |
Explanation:
The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. This number determines the element’s identity and its position in the periodic table. The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, giving the atom’s total mass. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different mass numbers.
Electrons are arranged in shells around the nucleus, with each shell having a specific energy level. The distribution of electrons in these shells determines the atom’s chemical properties and its ability to form bonds with other atoms. The outermost electrons, known as valence electrons, are most involved in chemical reactions.
Understanding atomic structure is fundamental to chemistry, as it explains how atoms interact to form molecules, the basis of all chemical compounds. The behavior of electrons, in particular, governs the chemical reactivity and bonding patterns of elements.
For a visual explanation, you might find this video helpful:
videoParts Of An Atom | Properties of Matter | Chemistry | FuseSchoolturn0search4