- (a) Draw the Lewis structure for C₂H₂ where each terminal C is bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms. For each carbon atom, give the molecular geometry and hybridization.
(4 pts)
(b) Now draw the structure for C3H4 using valence bond theory to depict all hybridized and non-hybridized valence orbitals. (Make sure to show which p orbitals are being hybridized)
(3 pts)
(c) A dihedral angle is the angle between two intersecting planes. Based on your drawing from 1b, what is the dihedral angle between the H atoms on opposite terminal C atoms?
(1 pts) - Draw the best Lewis Structures for CIF, and CH2BrF. Assign any non-zero formal charges. Then assign the following: electron group geometry, molecular geometry, ideal bond angles, and polarity of the molecule.
(7 pts) - Find and label all functional groups in the molecule below.
(3 pts)
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The molecule in the image contains several functional groups that are key to organic chemistry. Here’s the breakdown and labeling of each functional group present:
- Carboxylic Acid (-COOH): At the bottom right of the molecule, attached to the ring. This group is characterized by a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (OH).
- Ester (-COO-): In the middle of the molecule, attached to the ring. This consists of a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen and single-bonded to another oxygen which is connected to an alkyl group.
- Ketone (>C=O): There are two ketone groups; one is part of the six-member ring at the top left, and the other is in the center attached to two carbon rings. Each ketone features a carbonyl group (C=O) flanked by carbon atoms.
- Alkene (-C=C-): There is an alkene group with a double bond between two carbons at the top of the molecule.
- Benzene Ring: The molecule features multiple benzene rings which are aromatic rings consisting of alternating double and single bonds between carbon atoms.
- Amine (-NH2): At the top left, there is an amine group attached to the carbon ring. This consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
These functional groups play significant roles in determining the chemical reactivity and properties of the molecule. Carboxylic acids, for instance, are acidic and can participate in condensation reactions. Esters are known for their sweet smells and are often used in making fragrances and flavors. Ketones are significant in reactions such as aldol condensation. Alkenes are reactive due to their double bonds and can undergo addition reactions. Benzene rings contribute to the stability through resonance, while amines are basic and can engage in a variety of nucleophilic substitutions.
Let’s generate the image with these functional groups labeled.
Here is the image with the labeled functional groups as you requested. Each functional group is clearly marked, providing a visual guide to the structure of the molecule and its components. You can view and analyze the labeling to understand the different functional groups present in the molecule.
