Classify each solid as a covalent, ionic, metallic, or molecular solid.
A)rhombic sulfur
B)potassium iodide
C) pure potassium
D) frozen methanol
The fact that some adults demonstrate limited thinking processes relative to other adults speaks to the important role of __ in cognitive development. Group of answer choices
A.language
B.education
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Classification of Solids:
A) Rhombic Sulfur: Molecular Solid
Rhombic sulfur is one of the allotropes of sulfur and is made up of S8 molecules. In this form, sulfur atoms are covalently bonded together to form discrete S8 units, and these units are held together by weaker van der Waals forces. This makes it a molecular solid.
B) Potassium Iodide (KI): Ionic Solid
Potassium iodide is made up of potassium cations (K⁺) and iodide anions (I⁻). The strong electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions results in an ionic bond, making potassium iodide an ionic solid.
C) Pure Potassium: Metallic Solid
Pure potassium is a metal, and like all metals, it forms a metallic solid. In metallic solids, metal atoms are arranged in a lattice structure where electrons are free to move through the structure, forming what is called the “electron sea.” This gives metals their characteristic properties, such as electrical conductivity and malleability.
D) Frozen Methanol: Molecular Solid
Frozen methanol consists of methanol molecules (CH₃OH) that are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are a type of intermolecular force. Because the structure is based on individual molecules rather than a repeating unit of atoms or ions, it is classified as a molecular solid.
Cognitive Development:
The correct answer for the statement regarding limited thinking processes in adults is A) language.
Explanation:
The statement about some adults demonstrating limited thinking processes refers to the idea that language plays a crucial role in cognitive development. This idea is rooted in the theory of cognitive development by Lev Vygotsky, who suggested that language is essential for thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving. In Vygotsky’s theory, language is a primary tool that individuals use to interact with the world and organize their thoughts. As children grow, their ability to think and reason improves largely due to the acquisition of language.
Language allows individuals to structure their experiences, plan ahead, and engage in higher-order thinking. In adults, if there is a limitation in language ability or a reduction in the use of language for thinking (e.g., due to aging or cognitive decline), their cognitive processing may also become more restricted.
While education (B) certainly plays a role in cognitive development, language is the more immediate factor that facilitates the thinking process, as it serves as the tool for thought itself.