Lipid Worksheet Lipids are fats including oils, waxes, steroids and cholesterol. Lipids are made from a hydrocarbon monomer that link together to form a hydrocarbon chain. H H H H H H -1 C—C—C—CCCC 1 H H H H H H Hydrocarbon Chain Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon chains vary in length and are nonpolar. Nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic meaning they do not interact or mix with water. The three most common forms of lipids in the human body are triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol. Most of the fats you consume are triglycerides. Your body breaks them down and then the body stores fats as new triglycerides. Triglycerides are three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol. Fatty acids are a hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group connecting it to the glycerol. Glycerol is a three carbon alcohol. There are two types of fatty acids, saturated and unsaturated. Saturated fatty acids are straight and are found mostly in animals. Unsaturated fatty acids are bent because of a double bond and are found mostly in plants. 1) Looking at the fatty acid below, copy it into the two remaining rows. H Draw picture here, you can upload an image if you would prefer 1 H –CO H-C-0 O=0 I-U-I H-C-O 1 H I-OI C ????? I-U-I ????? I-O-I C- I-O-I Glycerol Fatty Acid 2) Fatty acids are composed of carboxyl group and Type here &3 Type here 3) What are the four parts of a triglyceride? Type here 4) The human body stores fats as Type here 5) Label the following fatty acids as saturated or unsaturated. -41-4441 _Type here Type here 6) When a hydrocarbon chain is bent, it is called Type here O=0.5 9 Phospholipids are similar to triglycerides except a phosphate group replaces one of the fatty acids. The phosphate group is a polar molecule. Polar molecules are hydrophilic and interact with water. Phosphate Group 7) Fill in one phosphate group and the remaining fatty acid. Label all the parts. H Draw image here, you can upload an image if you 1 would prefer. H-C-0 Phosphate Group H-C-0 O=O – I-O-I CC H-C-O 1 H Label ????? I-0-I I-U-I ????? I-O-I C I-0I C H H H Label The common form of a phospholipid looks like a circle with two tails. Phospholipids are polar on the phosphate group side and nonpolar on the fatty acid side. When one phospholipid is next to another phospholipid, they line up with the heads are on one side and the tails are on the other side. Two rows of phospholipids are called a lipid bilayer and they make up the membranes of all cells. Phosphate Group Head ??????? 3333333 Lipid Bilayer Fatty Acid Tails 8) Below, label which parts are polar and nonpolar. Type here ???? ??? Type here Type here 9) Where would you find the lipid bilayer in a cell?_Type here Cholesterol has a different shape in that it forms rings instead of hydrocarbon chains. Cholesterol is found only in animals in: body tissues, blood and cell membranes. All steroid hormones (testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone) are derived from cholesterol. 10) What lipid do animal cells have inside their cell membranes? Type here Type here, you may adjust the size of the textbox of 11) What does hydrophobic mean? _the page if you need to 12) What are steroid hormones made from? Type here, you may adjust the size of the textbox of the page if you need to
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Here’s a representation of the fatty acid and glycerol structure. The glycerol is shown in blue, and the fatty acid is in green.
Now, let’s address the worksheet questions:
1) Fatty acids are composed of a carboxyl group and a hydrocarbon chain.
2) The four parts of a triglyceride are glycerol and three fatty acids.
3) The human body stores fats as triglycerides.
4) A hydrocarbon chain that is bent is called unsaturated.
5) When a hydrocarbon chain is bent due to a double bond, it is unsaturated.
6) Phospholipids are similar to triglycerides, except that one of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate group. The phosphate group is polar and hydrophilic, while the fatty acid tails are nonpolar and hydrophobic.
7) The lipid bilayer is part of the cell membrane and ensures that the inner parts of the cell are separated from the external environment.
Explanation:
- Triglycerides are composed of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule. Fatty acids are long chains of hydrocarbons, with a carboxyl group (-COOH) at one end.
- Phospholipids have two fatty acids attached to glycerol, with a polar phosphate group replacing the third fatty acid. This makes one end of the molecule hydrophilic (phosphate group) and the other hydrophobic (fatty acid tails), which forms the basic structure of the lipid bilayer in cell membranes.
- Cholesterol is another lipid, forming ring structures and being essential in animal cell membranes, contributing to membrane stability and fluidity.
- Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and play vital roles in regulating bodily functions like metabolism, reproduction, and immune responses.
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