ClO4 Express your answer as a chemical formula.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The chemical formula for the perchlorate ion is ClO₄⁻.
Explanation:
Perchlorate (ClO₄⁻) is an anion consisting of one chlorine (Cl) atom covalently bonded to four oxygen (O) atoms. It carries a negative one (-1) charge. The perchlorate ion belongs to the group of oxyanions of chlorine, which also includes:
- Hypochlorite (ClO⁻)
- Chlorite (ClO₂⁻)
- Chlorate (ClO₃⁻)
- Perchlorate (ClO₄⁻)
Among these, perchlorate contains the highest oxidation state of chlorine, which is +7.
Properties:
- Structure: The ClO₄⁻ ion has a tetrahedral geometry, where the chlorine atom is at the center, surrounded symmetrically by four oxygen atoms.
- Oxidation State of Cl: Chlorine in ClO₄⁻ has an oxidation number of +7, as oxygen usually has an oxidation state of -2.
- Stability: Perchlorates are generally very stable due to resonance stabilization, which distributes the negative charge over the four oxygen atoms.
- Solubility: Perchlorates are highly soluble in water, especially sodium perchlorate (NaClO₄) and potassium perchlorate (KClO₄).
- Reactivity: While perchlorates are stable, they are strong oxidizers and can react violently with combustible materials.
- Uses:
- Rocket propellants (Ammonium perchlorate, NH₄ClO₄)
- Explosives and fireworks
- Analytical chemistry as a reagent
- Medical applications (inhibiting iodine uptake in the thyroid)
Environmental and Health Concerns:
Perchlorates can contaminate groundwater and are persistent in the environment. They interfere with iodine uptake, which can affect thyroid function, making them a concern in drinking water safety.
Now, I will generate an image of the ClO₄⁻ ion, showing its molecular structure.
Here is the 3D molecular structure of the perchlorate ion (ClO₄⁻). It illustrates the central chlorine atom surrounded tetrahedrally by four oxygen atoms, with resonance structures indicating charge distribution. Let me know if you need further modifications!
