Freud claimed that during the anal stage:
A. infants often find urinating and defecating to be quite painful
B. the infant is striving to develop a sense of trust in the parents.
C. there is pleasure in stimulating and controlling the bowels
D. toilet training leads to positive mother-child interactions
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is:
C. there is pleasure in stimulating and controlling the bowels.
Explanation:
Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual development describes five stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. The anal stage occurs between the ages of 18 months and 3 years and is characterized by a child’s growing awareness of bodily functions, particularly defecation and urination.
During this stage, Freud theorized that children derive pleasure from stimulating and controlling their bowel movements. This is because the anus becomes the primary focus of pleasure as the child learns to control elimination. The newfound ability to either retain or expel feces gives the child a sense of power and independence.
Toilet training plays a crucial role during the anal stage. If parents enforce strict toilet training methods, the child may develop an “anal-retentive” personality in adulthood, characterized by orderliness, stubbornness, and excessive cleanliness. On the other hand, overly lenient training may lead to an “anal-expulsive” personality, which is more disorganized and rebellious.
This stage is significant in the development of personality traits related to control, discipline, and autonomy. The child begins to experience conflicts between societal expectations (parental guidance in toilet training) and personal desires (the pleasure associated with retention or release).
In summary, the anal stage is primarily about the child’s newfound control over their bodily functions and the pleasure derived from this control. It is a critical phase in shaping personality traits related to discipline, control, and independence later in life.
Now, I’ll generate an image related to Freud’s anal stage.
Here is the image representing Freud’s anal stage of psychosexual development. It visually captures the concept of a young child gaining awareness and control over their bodily functions, with subtle elements highlighting independence and discipline. Let me know if you need any modifications!
