Draw and name five isomers of C6H14

Draw and name five isomers of C6H14. There are more than five, just draw and name five of them. You may draw line drawings, condensed formulas, Lewis structures, or structural formulas. Remember to name them using IUPAC rules (this is how the text shows you how to do it).

The Correct Answer and Explanation is :

Here are five isomers of C₆H₁₄ (Hexane) along with their names and structural representations:

1. n-Hexane

• Structure: A straight-chain hydrocarbon with six carbon atoms.
• IUPAC Name: Hexane

2. 2-Methylpentane

• Structure: A five-carbon chain (pentane) with a methyl (-CH₃) group attached to the second carbon.
• IUPAC Name: 2-Methylpentane

3. 3-Methylpentane

• Structure: A five-carbon chain with a methyl (-CH₃) group attached to the third carbon.
• IUPAC Name: 3-Methylpentane

4. 2,2-Dimethylbutane

• Structure: A four-carbon chain (butane) with two methyl (-CH₃) groups attached to the second carbon.
• IUPAC Name: 2,2-Dimethylbutane

5. 2,3-Dimethylbutane

• Structure: A four-carbon chain with two methyl (-CH₃) groups, one on the second carbon and one on the third carbon.
• IUPAC Name: 2,3-Dimethylbutane

Now, I’ll generate an image of these structures.

Here is the image showing five structural isomers of C₆H₁₄, each labeled with its IUPAC name.

Explanation (300 words)

Hexane (C₆H₁₄) is an alkane with six carbon atoms and 14 hydrogen atoms. Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures, leading to different physical and chemical properties.

Hexane has five constitutional (structural) isomers, which vary based on how the carbon chain is arranged:

1. n-Hexane (Normal Hexane):

• A straight-chain hydrocarbon with six carbon atoms in a continuous chain.
• It has the highest boiling point among these isomers due to greater surface area.

1. 2-Methylpentane:

• A pentane (5-carbon chain) backbone with a methyl (-CH₃) group on carbon 2.
• Branched structures generally lower boiling points compared to straight chains.

1. 3-Methylpentane:

• Similar to 2-Methylpentane, but the methyl group is on carbon 3 instead.
• This change slightly affects properties like boiling point and density.

1. 2,2-Dimethylbutane:

• A butane (4-carbon) backbone with two methyl (-CH₃) groups on carbon 2.
• More branching leads to a lower boiling point due to weaker intermolecular forces.

1. 2,3-Dimethylbutane:

• Also a butane backbone, but with methyl groups on carbon 2 and 3.
• The compact structure results in a lower boiling point than n-hexane.

These structural variations influence the physical properties like boiling point, melting point, and density. More branching generally decreases the boiling point due to reduced van der Waals forces. These isomers are used in fuels, solvents, and organic synthesis.