Give the IUPAC name for each of the following

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Give the IUPAC name for each of the following: . CH3 -CH2-CH,-0-OH 0 Co-CH b. CH3-CH2-C-0-CH2-CH: 0 c. CH3-CH;-CH2-CH2-C-OH

The Correct Answer and Explanation is :

Let’s analyze each compound and determine its IUPAC name.

1. CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-OH

This compound consists of a three-carbon chain with a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group attached to the terminal carbon.

  • The longest carbon chain has three carbons, meaning the parent name is propane.
  • The presence of the hydroxyl (-OH) group changes propane → propanol.
  • Since the -OH group is on carbon 1, the correct IUPAC name is propan-1-ol.

2. CH₃-CH₂-C(=O)-CH₃

This compound contains a ketone (-CO) functional group.

  • The longest chain has four carbons, meaning the parent name is butane.
  • The ketone (-CO) group changes butane → butanone.
  • The carbonyl (-CO) is on carbon 2 (since ketones are assigned the lowest number possible).
  • Thus, the IUPAC name is butan-2-one.

3. CH₃-CH₂-C(=O)-CH₂-CH₃

This compound contains a ketone (-CO) functional group as well.

  • The longest chain consists of five carbons (pentane).
  • The ketone (-CO) group changes pentane → pentanone.
  • The carbonyl (-CO) is at carbon 2.
  • Thus, the IUPAC name is pentan-2-one.

4. CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-C(=O)-OH

This compound has a carboxyl (-COOH) functional group, making it a carboxylic acid.

  • The longest chain has five carbons (pentane).
  • The carboxyl (-COOH) group changes pentane → pentanoic acid.
  • The carboxyl (-COOH) is always assigned carbon 1.
  • The IUPAC name is pentanoic acid.

Explanation (300 words)

The IUPAC nomenclature system provides a standard method for naming organic compounds. The name of an organic molecule depends on:

  1. The longest carbon chain – Determines the parent name (e.g., methane, ethane, propane, etc.).
  2. The functional group – Determines the suffix or priority.
  3. The numbering of the chain – Assigns the lowest possible number to the functional group.
  • Alcohols (-OH): Named with the -ol suffix (e.g., propan-1-ol).
  • Ketones (-CO-): Named with the -one suffix (e.g., butan-2-one).
  • Carboxylic acids (-COOH): Named with the -oic acid suffix (e.g., pentanoic acid).

For alcohols, the position of the hydroxyl (-OH) is indicated with a number. For ketones, numbering ensures the carbonyl (-CO) group gets the lowest number. Carboxylic acids always have priority over other groups, and the -COOH group is always at carbon 1.

Correct IUPAC names ensure clear communication and avoid ambiguity in chemical identification.

Now, I will generate an image of the molecular structures.

Here is the generated educational chemistry diagram showing the molecular structures of the given organic compounds with their IUPAC names and molecular formulas. Let me know if you need any modifications or further explanations!

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