Label the features of the upper respiratory tract in the cadaver image by clicking and dragging the labels to the correct location.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The upper respiratory tract comprises several key structures that facilitate the passage of air from the external environment to the lungs. These structures include the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and the superior portion of the larynx.
Nose and Nasal Cavity:
Air enters the respiratory system through the nostrils (nares) into the nasal cavity. The nasal cavity is divided into two halves by the nasal septum and is lined with mucous membranes that filter, warm, and humidify the incoming air. The lateral walls of the nasal cavity contain three bony projections called nasal conchae (superior, middle, and inferior), which increase the surface area and disrupt the flow of air, aiding in the conditioning of the air.
Paranasal Sinuses:
Connected to the nasal cavity are the paranasal sinuses—air-filled spaces within the bones of the skull. These include the frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal sinuses. They help to lighten the weight of the skull, produce mucus to moisturize the inside of the nose, and contribute to the resonance of the voice.
Pharynx:
The pharynx, or throat, is a muscular tube that serves both respiratory and digestive functions. It is divided into three regions:
- Nasopharynx: Located behind the nasal cavity, it serves as a passageway for air.
- Oropharynx: Located behind the oral cavity, it serves as a passageway for both air and food.
- Laryngopharynx: Located below the oropharynx, it leads to the larynx and esophagus.
Larynx:
The larynx, or voice box, is located at the top of the trachea and contains the vocal cords. It serves as a passageway for air and is involved in phonation. The superior portion of the larynx is lined with stratified squamous epithelium, while the inferior portion is lined with respiratory epithelium.
Understanding the anatomy of the upper respiratory tract is essential for comprehending how air is conditioned and transported to the lungs, as well as for recognizing the pathways involved in various respiratory conditions.