Which of the following are components of high-quality CPR? ?Select 3 ?answers.Chest returns to normal position between each compressionCompression rate is 100 ?to 120 ?per minuteEach breath lasts at least 2 ?seconds; chest begins to riseMinimize necessary interruptions in chest compressions to less than 10 ?secondsCompression depth is at least 5 ?inchesCheck for breathing every 30 ?seconds
The correct answer and explanation is :
High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial in improving survival rates during cardiac emergencies. The three correct components of high-quality CPR from the provided options are:
- Chest returns to normal position between each compression: Allowing full chest recoil after each compression ensures the heart refills with blood, optimizing the effectiveness of subsequent compressions.
- Compression rate is 100 to 120 per minute: Maintaining this rate ensures adequate blood flow to vital organs during cardiac arrest.
- Minimize necessary interruptions in chest compressions to less than 10 seconds: Limiting interruptions maintains continuous blood circulation, which is vital for patient survival.
Explanation:
Effective CPR combines specific techniques to maintain blood flow and oxygen delivery to vital organs until advanced care is available. Allowing the chest to return to its normal position between compressions (full recoil) is essential, as it permits the heart to fill adequately with blood, ensuring that each subsequent compression is effective in circulating blood. Without full recoil, the efficiency of compressions decreases, reducing blood flow to the heart and brain.
The recommended compression rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute is based on research indicating that this pace maximizes blood flow during CPR. Compressing too slowly may not generate sufficient blood flow, while compressing too quickly can prevent the heart from filling properly between compressions, both of which can decrease the effectiveness of CPR.
Minimizing interruptions in chest compressions to less than 10 seconds is critical. Each pause in compressions can lead to a drop in coronary perfusion pressure, which is vital for heart muscle blood flow. Frequent or prolonged interruptions can significantly reduce the chances of a successful resuscitation.
Regarding the other options provided:
- Each breath lasts at least 2 seconds; chest begins to rise: Current guidelines recommend that each rescue breath should last about 1 second, just enough to make the chest visibly rise. Prolonged breaths can increase intrathoracic pressure, reducing venous return to the heart and decreasing the effectiveness of CPR.
- Compression depth is at least 5 inches: The recommended compression depth for adults is at least 2 inches (5 cm) but not more than 2.4 inches (6 cm). Compressing to a depth of 5 inches exceeds these guidelines and may cause injury.
- Check for breathing every 30 seconds: It is advised to check for breathing and pulse every 2 minutes, not every 30 seconds, to minimize interruptions in chest compressions.
Adhering to these components of high-quality CPR significantly enhances the likelihood of survival and favorable neurological outcomes in individuals experiencing cardiac arrest.