what is microbiology and Which microorganism perform photosynthesis by utilizing light?
The correct answer and explanation is :
Microbiology and Photosynthetic Microorganisms
What is Microbiology?
Microbiology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microscopic organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae. These microorganisms are found in diverse environments and play vital roles in human health, ecosystems, and industries. Microbiology covers various fields, such as medical microbiology, environmental microbiology, industrial microbiology, and agricultural microbiology.
Microorganisms can be beneficial or harmful. Some cause diseases, while others contribute to processes like fermentation, decomposition, and nutrient cycling. Scientists study microbiology to develop antibiotics, vaccines, and biotechnology applications.
Photosynthetic Microorganisms
Certain microorganisms can perform photosynthesis, a process that converts light energy into chemical energy. These microorganisms use sunlight to produce their own food, releasing oxygen as a byproduct in some cases.
The major photosynthetic microorganisms include:
- Cyanobacteria – Also known as blue-green algae, they perform oxygenic photosynthesis using chlorophyll a, similar to plants. Examples include Anabaena and Nostoc.
- Algae – Microscopic algae like Chlorella and Diatoms utilize chlorophyll to absorb light and produce oxygen.
- Purple and Green Sulfur Bacteria – These bacteria use bacteriochlorophyll and perform anoxygenic photosynthesis (do not release oxygen). Instead of water, they use hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) as an electron donor.
- Heliobacteria – These are Gram-positive bacteria that perform anoxygenic photosynthesis but lack chlorophyll a.
These microorganisms play an essential role in ecosystems by producing oxygen, contributing to carbon fixation, and forming the base of aquatic food chains.