A geologist is collecting data from a sample of rock. Which of the following is an example of qualitative, rather than quantitative, data?
A. A description of the rock’s colouring
B. The weight of the rock
C. The percentages of various minerals in the rock
D. A measurement of rock’s grain size
The correct answer and explanation is :
The correct answer is:
A. A description of the rock’s colouring
Explanation:
When geologists collect data, they often use both qualitative and quantitative methods. Understanding the difference between these two types of data is essential.
- Qualitative Data refers to descriptive information that does not involve numbers or measurements. Instead, it includes observations related to color, texture, shape, patterns, and other characteristics that are perceived subjectively. These descriptions help in categorizing and identifying rock types based on their physical appearance.
- Quantitative Data involves numerical measurements that can be objectively recorded and analyzed. These include values such as weight, mineral composition percentages, grain size measurements, and other data that can be expressed in numerical form.
Now, let’s analyze the given options:
- Option A: A description of the rock’s colouring – This is qualitative data because it describes the rock’s appearance without using numbers. Words like “reddish-brown,” “speckled,” or “dark grey” provide important details but do not involve measurements.
- Option B: The weight of the rock – This is quantitative data since it involves numerical measurement (e.g., “250 grams”).
- Option C: The percentages of various minerals in the rock – This is also quantitative because it gives numerical proportions of different minerals (e.g., “30% quartz, 40% feldspar”).
- Option D: A measurement of the rock’s grain size – Since grain size is measured in millimeters or micrometers, it is a quantitative value.
Thus, the best example of qualitative data is a description of the rock’s colouring.
Here is an image representation of rock samples with different colors and textures:
