What type of mice has Capecchi engineered? What is the human relevance?
The correct answer and explanation is :
Mario Capecchi, a molecular geneticist, is renowned for his work in gene targeting using homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells. He engineered knockout mice, a type of genetically modified mouse in which specific genes are inactivated (“knocked out”) to study their function. This breakthrough, for which he won the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, has had profound implications for human biology and medicine.
Human Relevance of Capecchi’s Engineered Mice
The development of knockout mice has revolutionized biomedical research by allowing scientists to study gene function in a living organism. These mice serve as powerful models for human diseases, as many mouse genes have homologous counterparts in humans. Capecchi’s technique has led to significant advancements in various fields, including:
- Genetic Disorders – Knockout mice have been used to study conditions such as cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and cancer, helping researchers understand the genetic basis of these diseases and develop targeted therapies.
- Neurodevelopmental Studies – Capecchi’s research helped uncover the genetic mechanisms behind disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. His work on the Hox gene family, which regulates body patterning during development, provided insights into congenital malformations in humans.
- Cancer Research – By knocking out tumor suppressor genes, scientists have modeled cancers such as leukemia and breast cancer in mice, leading to improved treatments.
- Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases – Knockout mice have contributed to understanding autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, aiding drug development.
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine – The ability to modify genes in embryonic stem cells has fueled research into gene therapy and regenerative medicine.
Capecchi’s innovations continue to shape modern genetics, providing critical insights into human health and disease mechanisms.