A study can be regarded as scientific only if
a. it utilizes an effective placebo
b. its findings are accepted by exerts in the field
c. its findings are consiste en estasished the need
d. its conclusions are based on strong correlational data
The correct answer and explanation is:
The correct answer is:
d. its conclusions are based on strong correlational data
Explanation:
A study is regarded as scientific only if it follows rigorous methodologies and produces reliable, verifiable results. The foundation of any scientific research is based on empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and reproducibility.
1. Scientific Method and Data Reliability
The scientific method involves observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, data collection, and conclusion. For a study to be considered scientific, its conclusions must be drawn from data that demonstrate strong correlations between variables. Correlational data help establish patterns, trends, and potential relationships, though they do not imply causation. However, without such data, a study lacks empirical support.
2. Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
- (a) Utilizes an Effective Placebo: While placebos are essential in certain experimental designs, such as clinical trials, they are not a requirement for all scientific studies. Many fields of science, such as physics and environmental sciences, do not use placebos at all.
- (b) Findings Are Accepted by Experts in the Field: Scientific truth is not determined by consensus alone. While peer review and expert validation enhance credibility, a study can be scientific even before it gains widespread acceptance. Many groundbreaking discoveries were initially rejected.
- (c) Findings Are Consistent with Established Needs: Scientific research is about discovering objective truths, not just supporting prior expectations. Some studies produce unexpected results that challenge established theories, which is a natural part of scientific progress.
In conclusion, the most crucial factor for a study to be scientific is that its conclusions are based on strong correlational data, ensuring empirical support and logical reasoning..