Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn’t resist falling asleep. Samek may have __.
Question 13 Select one:
a. hypnogogic jerks
b. narcolepsy
c. REM sleep behavior disorder
d. somnambulism
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: b. Narcolepsy
Explanation:
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects the brain’s ability to control sleep-wake cycles. People with narcolepsy often experience excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and may suddenly fall asleep at inappropriate times, such as during conversations, while eating, or, as in Samek’s case, while driving. These sudden sleep attacks can be dangerous, especially when they occur during activities that require attention and alertness, like operating a vehicle.
One of the hallmark symptoms of narcolepsy is cataplexy, a sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions such as laughter, excitement, or surprise. This can cause a person to collapse while remaining conscious. However, not all individuals with narcolepsy experience cataplexy. Other symptoms include sleep paralysis, which is the temporary inability to move or speak when falling asleep or waking up, and hallucinations, which are vivid, dream-like experiences that can occur at the onset of sleep or upon awakening.
The exact cause of narcolepsy is not fully understood, but it is believed to be linked to a deficiency in hypocretin, a neurotransmitter responsible for regulating wakefulness and REM sleep. Genetic and autoimmune factors may also contribute to its development. Diagnosis typically involves sleep studies, including polysomnography and the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT).
While narcolepsy has no cure, it can be managed with lifestyle changes and medications. Stimulants like modafinil help with daytime alertness, while certain antidepressants and sodium oxybate can manage cataplexy and improve sleep quality. Individuals with narcolepsy should prioritize regular sleep schedules, avoid caffeine and alcohol before bedtime, and take short naps during the day to reduce excessive drowsiness.
Narcolepsy significantly impacts daily life, but with proper management, individuals can lead fulfilling and productive lives.
Here is an image representing narcolepsy:
Here is an image representing narcolepsy, illustrating the dangers of sudden sleep attacks while driving. Let me know if you need any modifications or additional information!
