What are the main differences between body and surface waves
The correct answer and explanation is :
Main Differences Between Body and Surface Waves
| Feature | Body Waves | Surface Waves |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Waves that travel through the interior of the Earth. | Waves that travel along the Earth’s surface. |
| Types | Primary (P-waves) and Secondary (S-waves). | Love waves and Rayleigh waves. |
| Speed | Faster than surface waves. | Slower than body waves. |
| Path | Moves through the Earth’s interior. | Moves along the Earth’s crust. |
| Damage Potential | Less destructive. | More destructive due to larger amplitudes. |
Explanation (300 Words)
Seismic waves are energy waves generated by earthquakes, volcanic activity, or artificial explosions. They are broadly classified into body waves and surface waves based on their movement through the Earth.
Body Waves
Body waves travel through the Earth’s interior and are of two types: P-waves (Primary waves) and S-waves (Secondary waves).
- P-waves are the fastest seismic waves, traveling through solids, liquids, and gases. They are compressional waves (longitudinal) where particles move parallel to the wave direction.
- S-waves are slower than P-waves and can only travel through solids. They are shear waves (transverse), moving perpendicular to the wave direction.
Since body waves move through different layers of the Earth, they help scientists study Earth’s internal structure.
Surface Waves
Surface waves move along the Earth’s crust and are slower but more destructive due to their higher amplitude. They are of two types: Love waves and Rayleigh waves.
- Love waves cause horizontal shearing motion, damaging buildings and infrastructure.
- Rayleigh waves have a rolling motion, similar to ocean waves, shaking the ground in both vertical and horizontal directions.
Surface waves cause most of the destruction during an earthquake, as they have longer durations and greater energy dispersion.
In summary, body waves travel through the Earth and are faster, while surface waves travel along the surface and are slower but more damaging.