For each reaction, identify the Bronsted-Lowry acid, the Bronsted-Lowry base, the conjugate acid, and the conjugate base.
HBr(aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + Br−(aq)
NH3(aq) + H2O(l) → NH4+(aq) + OH−(aq)
HNO3(aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + NO3−(aq)
C5H5N(aq) + H2O(l) → C5H5NH+(aq) + OH−(aq)
Express your answers as chemical expressions. Enter your answers in order given in the question separated by commas.
The correct answer and explanation is :
Reaction 1: HBr(aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + Br−(aq)
- Bronsted-Lowry Acid: HBr
An acid is a proton (H⁺) donor. In this reaction, HBr donates a proton to H2O. - Bronsted-Lowry Base: H2O
A base is a proton (H⁺) acceptor. In this reaction, H2O accepts a proton from HBr. - Conjugate Acid: H3O⁺
After H2O accepts the proton, it becomes H3O⁺, which is the conjugate acid of H2O. - Conjugate Base: Br⁻
After HBr donates the proton, it becomes Br⁻, which is the conjugate base of HBr.
Answer for reaction 1: HBr, H2O, H3O⁺, Br⁻
Reaction 2: NH3(aq) + H2O(l) → NH4+(aq) + OH−(aq)
- Bronsted-Lowry Acid: H2O
In this case, water donates a proton to NH3, so water is acting as the acid. - Bronsted-Lowry Base: NH3
NH3 accepts the proton from H2O, making it the base in this reaction. - Conjugate Acid: NH4⁺
After NH3 accepts the proton, it becomes NH4⁺, which is the conjugate acid of NH3. - Conjugate Base: OH−
After H2O donates the proton, it becomes OH−, which is the conjugate base of H2O.
Answer for reaction 2: H2O, NH3, NH4⁺, OH−
Reaction 3: HNO3(aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + NO3−(aq)
- Bronsted-Lowry Acid: HNO3
In this case, HNO3 donates a proton to H2O, so HNO3 is the acid. - Bronsted-Lowry Base: H2O
Water accepts the proton from HNO3, making it the base in this reaction. - Conjugate Acid: H3O⁺
After H2O accepts the proton, it becomes H3O⁺, which is the conjugate acid of H2O. - Conjugate Base: NO3−
After HNO3 donates the proton, it becomes NO3−, which is the conjugate base of HNO3.
Answer for reaction 3: HNO3, H2O, H3O⁺, NO3−
Reaction 4: C5H5N(aq) + H2O(l) → C5H5NH+(aq) + OH−(aq)
- Bronsted-Lowry Acid: H2O
In this case, water donates a proton to C5H5N, so water is acting as the acid. - Bronsted-Lowry Base: C5H5N
C5H5N (pyridine) accepts the proton from water, making it the base. - Conjugate Acid: C5H5NH+
After C5H5N accepts the proton, it becomes C5H5NH+, which is the conjugate acid of C5H5N. - Conjugate Base: OH−
After H2O donates the proton, it becomes OH−, which is the conjugate base of H2O.
Answer for reaction 4: H2O, C5H5N, C5H5NH+, OH−
Summary of Answers:
- HBr, H2O, H3O⁺, Br⁻
- H2O, NH3, NH4⁺, OH−
- HNO3, H2O, H3O⁺, NO3−
- H2O, C5H5N, C5H5NH+, OH−
Explanation:
In each of these reactions, the acid donates a proton (H⁺), and the base accepts the proton. The conjugate acid is formed when the base accepts the proton, while the conjugate base is formed when the acid donates the proton. The Bronsted-Lowry theory focuses on proton transfer between molecules, helping to classify substances as acids or bases based on their behavior in reactions.