What are the two main types of research instruments used to collect primary data?
A) observation scales and personal interviews
B) questionnaires and mechanical devices
C) focus groups and mechanical devices
D) focus groups and questionnaires
E) personal interviews and online focus groups
The correct answer and explanation is :
The correct answer is:
B) Questionnaires and mechanical devices
Explanation:
When conducting primary research, researchers use specific instruments to gather firsthand data directly from respondents. The two main types of research instruments used for collecting primary data are questionnaires and mechanical devices.
- Questionnaires
Questionnaires are structured tools used to collect information from respondents in a systematic way. They consist of a set of questions, which can be open-ended (allowing detailed responses) or closed-ended (providing specific answer choices). Questionnaires can be administered in various ways, including face-to-face, online surveys, mail, or telephone interviews. This instrument is widely used in market research, social science studies, and customer feedback collection because it allows for easy data analysis, cost efficiency, and the ability to reach a large audience. - Mechanical Devices
Mechanical devices refer to technological tools and instruments used to record and measure data objectively. These include eye-tracking devices, biometric scanners, neuro-marketing tools (such as EEG and fMRI machines), video surveillance, and even web analytics tools that track consumer behavior. These devices help researchers collect accurate and unbiased data by measuring responses that may not be easily captured through direct questioning.
Why These Two Instruments?
- Wide Applicability: Both methods are used in various fields, including marketing, psychology, health sciences, and business research.
- Accuracy & Reliability: While questionnaires rely on self-reported data, mechanical devices offer objective insights based on real behavior.
- Scalability: Questionnaires can be distributed to a large audience quickly, while mechanical devices ensure high precision in behavioral analysis.
By using both questionnaires and mechanical devices, researchers can gather comprehensive and reliable primary data to make informed decisions.