Psychology is defined as the discipline concerned with which of the following?
the study of humankind and the importance of culture in explaining the diversity in human behavior
behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment
maladaptive behaviors and cognitions that are incorporated into a person’s self-worth during childhood
the study of all physical stimuli that affect human sensations and perceptions
The correct answer and explanation is :
The correct answer is:
“Behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment.”
Explanation:
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. It seeks to understand how individuals think, feel, and behave in different situations. The field examines both observable behaviors (such as speech and actions) and internal mental processes (such as thoughts, emotions, and motivations).
Psychologists explore how various factors influence behavior and cognition, including:
- Physical State – This includes biological factors such as brain activity, genetics, hormones, and neurotransmitters. For example, an imbalance in serotonin levels is associated with depression, while high adrenaline levels can trigger a “fight or flight” response.
- Mental State – Thoughts, emotions, and cognitive functions impact how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychological disorders, personal beliefs, and past experiences also shape behavior. For instance, anxiety disorders influence how people respond to stress and uncertainty.
- External Environment – Social, cultural, and environmental influences play a major role in shaping behavior. Family, peer groups, education, and cultural norms can affect decision-making, personality development, and overall mental well-being. For example, growing up in a supportive family may lead to higher self-esteem, while exposure to chronic stress can contribute to mental health issues.
Psychology differs from other disciplines, such as anthropology (which studies human cultures) or psychiatry (which primarily treats mental disorders using medical interventions). It employs scientific methods like experiments, case studies, and observations to understand human behavior.
Overall, psychology helps in improving mental health, enhancing learning and motivation, and addressing real-world issues such as addiction, stress management, and interpersonal relationships.