Which of the following statements about alcoholism is true?
The heritability of alcoholism is about 50 ?percent.
Alcoholics can stop or cut down their drinking if they exercise willpower.
Fifty percent of alcoholics recognize that they have a problem.
Alcoholism has a high cure rate when treated with a combination of medication, education, and psychotherapy.
The correct answer and explanation is :
Correct Answer:
The heritability of alcoholism is about 50 percent.
Explanation:
Alcoholism, also known as Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), is a complex condition influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Research indicates that the heritability of alcoholism is approximately 50 percent, meaning that genetic factors contribute significantly to the risk of developing the disorder. However, environmental influences, such as social norms, peer pressure, stress, and childhood experiences, also play a major role.
Studies involving twin, adoption, and family research support this heritability estimate. Identical twins, who share 100 percent of their genes, show a higher concordance rate for alcoholism than fraternal twins, who share only 50 percent of their genes. Additionally, individuals with a family history of alcoholism are at a greater risk of developing the disorder themselves, even when raised in non-alcoholic environments.
The other statements in the question are incorrect:
- “Alcoholics can stop or cut down their drinking if they exercise willpower.”
- This is a misconception. Alcoholism is a chronic brain disease, not merely a lack of willpower. Changes in brain chemistry caused by long-term alcohol use affect impulse control, decision-making, and cravings, making it extremely difficult for alcoholics to stop drinking without professional help.
- “Fifty percent of alcoholics recognize that they have a problem.”
- Many individuals with AUD are in denial about their condition, and studies suggest that less than 50 percent acknowledge the severity of their drinking problem.
- “Alcoholism has a high cure rate when treated with a combination of medication, education, and psychotherapy.”
- There is no absolute “cure” for alcoholism. While treatment can lead to long-term recovery, relapse rates remain high, similar to other chronic diseases like diabetes or hypertension. Ongoing support is often necessary.
Understanding the genetic basis of alcoholism can help in developing personalized prevention strategies and targeted treatments.
