What is the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms in one molecule of hydrogen peroxide?
The correct answer and explanation is :
The ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms in one molecule of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is 1:1.
Explanation:
Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a chemical compound composed of hydrogen and oxygen. Its molecular formula, H₂O₂, clearly indicates that each molecule contains:
- 2 hydrogen (H) atoms
- 2 oxygen (O) atoms
To determine the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms, we compare the number of hydrogen atoms to the number of oxygen atoms:
[
\text{Ratio} = \frac{\text{Number of Hydrogen Atoms}}{\text{Number of Oxygen Atoms}} = \frac{2}{2} = 1:1
]
This means that for every one oxygen atom in hydrogen peroxide, there is exactly one hydrogen atom.
Why is this Important?
Understanding atomic ratios in molecules is essential in chemistry because it helps with:
- Chemical Reactions – Knowing atomic composition allows chemists to predict how substances react.
- Stoichiometry – Ratios help in balancing chemical equations.
- Molecular Structure – The 1:1 ratio contributes to the unique properties of hydrogen peroxide, including its instability and oxidizing nature.
Structure of Hydrogen Peroxide:
H₂O₂ has a non-linear, bent structure, where the two oxygen atoms are bonded together (peroxide bond), and each oxygen is also attached to a hydrogen atom. This structure influences its chemical behavior, making it a strong oxidizer used for disinfecting, bleaching, and even rocket propulsion.
