Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method?
A student in a psychology class writes his term paper on whether or not fish feel pain.
A student writes a letter to his professor requesting a change in course policy.
Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates.
Dr. Hysock-Witham decides to start her course later because so many students arrive late.
The correct answer and explanation is :
The correct answer is:
Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates.
Explanation:
The empirical method refers to a way of gaining knowledge through direct observation or experimentation rather than through theory, logic, or personal beliefs. This method relies on measurable, observable evidence that can be tested and analyzed.
Dr. Sarkeesian’s study involves observing and recording data, which are key aspects of the empirical method. By measuring how watching cartoons affects heart rates, Dr. Sarkeesian is using direct observations and objective measurements, making this a scientific approach to understanding the phenomenon.
Now, let’s examine why the other options do not exemplify the empirical method:
- “A student in a psychology class writes his term paper on whether or not fish feel pain.”
- This does not involve direct observation or experimentation. The student may be researching or discussing theories, but unless they conduct an actual study, it is not empirical.
- “A student writes a letter to his professor requesting a change in course policy.”
- This is a form of communication, not research or data collection. It does not involve scientific observation or measurement.
- “Dr. Hysock-Witham decides to start her course later because so many students arrive late.”
- This decision is based on experience and reasoning rather than systematic data collection. While the observation that students arrive late might be based on experience, no formal study was conducted.
Thus, Dr. Sarkeesian’s study best represents the empirical method, as it includes systematic observation and measurement of the effects of cartoons on heart rates.
