Expected standards of conduct, which influence behaviors, are known as:
a. social norms.
b. social loafing.
c. social facilitation.
d. deindividuation.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is:
a. social norms.
Explanation:
Social norms are the expected standards of conduct that guide and influence individuals’ behaviors within a group or society. These norms develop through cultural, societal, and group experiences and serve as unwritten rules about how to behave in particular situations. They help maintain order and predictability in social interactions and define what is considered acceptable or unacceptable behavior.
Social norms can be explicit (clearly stated, such as classroom rules or workplace policies) or implicit (unstated, such as standing in line or saying “thank you”). They are learned through socialization processes and are enforced through social approval or disapproval. People often conform to these norms because they want to be accepted, avoid punishment, or because they internalize them as the “right” way to act.
For example, it is a social norm to shake hands when meeting someone, to cover your mouth when you cough, or to wait your turn in line. These behaviors may vary across cultures, but within any given group, social norms help coordinate interactions and create a shared understanding of expectations.
Let’s compare the other options to clarify why they are incorrect:
- b. Social loafing refers to the tendency of individuals to exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone, which contrasts with norms that encourage participation and accountability.
- c. Social facilitation is the phenomenon where people perform better on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others, which is not directly about expected standards of conduct.
- d. Deindividuation occurs when individuals lose their sense of self-awareness and self-restraint in group settings, leading to atypical behavior. This concept contrasts with social norms, which aim to regulate behavior.
In summary, social norms are essential in shaping behavior by setting expectations within a group, influencing conformity, and guiding interactions in a predictable and socially acceptable manner.